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To seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen



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Упражнение 463

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. This work seems to take much time. 2. The operation seemed to be a complicated one. 3. Money just doesn't happen to interest me. 4. In the middle of the lecture Dr. Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. 5. From the very first mention of Long John, I was afraid that he might turn out to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. 6. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no one else but Sondra since their last meeting. 7. Clyde appeared to have for­gotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings with Roberta. 8. She appeared to be an excellent actress. 9. One day a Hare happened to meet a Tor­toise. 10. The Tortoise seemed to be moving very slowly. 11. The Hare turned out to be the loser of the race. 12. The apparatus seemed to be in excel­lent condition. 13. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed. 14. The new meth-


odfl of work appear to be very effective. 15. The percentage of carbon in this steel turned out to be low.16. Irving turned out to be a long, pale-faced fellow. 17. His office turned out to be in one of the hack streets. 18. He appeared to be an ideal man. 19. She doesn't seem to want to do anything I sug­gest. 20. He turned out to have no feeling whatever for his nephew. 21. This appeared to amuse the po­liceman. 22. You can easily get in through the win­dow if the door happens to be locked. 23. The peas­ants did not seem to see her. 24. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. 25. You don't seem to have done any great thing for yourself by going away. 26. "Jim," he said at last, in a voice that did not seem to belong to him.

Упражнение 464

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя сложное подлежащее.

E.g. It appeared that they had lostthe way. They appeared to have lostthe way.

1. It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have heard all about it. 3. It seemed that the dis­cussion was coming to an end. 4. It seems that you don't approve of the idea. 5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a long time. 6. It appeared that he was losing patience. 7. It appeared that he had not heard what had been said. 8. It hap­pened that I was present at the opening session. 9. It so happened that I overheard their conversa­tion. 10. It turned out that my prediction was cor­rect. 11. It turned out that the language of the ar­ticle was quite easy.


380 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 381


 


Запомните следующие предложения, содержащие Complex Subject:

Не is likely to win the prize. — Похоже, что он

выиграет приз.

Не is sure to come. — Он обязательно придет.

Упражнение 465

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на словосочетания to be likely to, to be sure to.

1. We most of us want a good many things that we are not likely to get. 2. He is sure to tell me all about this even if I don't ask him. 3. When Sondra said that they were sure to meet again, she saw Clyde's face suddenly brighten. 4. If we go on ar­guing, we are sure to quarrel. 5. They are sure to acknowledge your talent. 6. He is sure to give us some useful information. 7. The article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal. 8. Mr. Wor­thing is sure to be back soon. 9. These two young people are sure to be very good friends. 10. You are sure to be there tomorrow night, aren't you? 11. She is not likely to change her opinion. 12. They were sure to come to an understanding. 13. Don't worry: everything is sure to turn out all right. 14. This new course of treatment is sure to help your grandmother.

Упражнение 466

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

1. Говорят, что это здание было построено в XVII веке. 2. Предполагают, что заседание закон­чится в десять часов. 3. Никак не ожидали, что


холодная погода наступит так рано. 4. Оказалось, что мы уже когда-то встречались. 5. Вы, кажет­ся, устали. 6. Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось. 7. Вы случайно не знаете этого человека? 8. Книга, которую вы мне дали, оказалась скучной. 9. Новые автобусы ока­зались очень удобными. 10. Из трех сестер Брон-те Шарлотта считается наиболее талантливой.

11. Как известно, английская писательница Вой-нич жила в течение нескольких лет в Петербурге и изучала русскую литературу. Считают, что рус­ская литература оказала влияние на ее творчество.

12. Ваш приятель, кажется, очень интересуется древней историей. 13. Известно, что римляне по­строили на Британских островах хорошие дороги. 14. Полагают, что поэма „Беовульф" была напи­сана в VIIIвеке. 15. Вальтер Скотт считается со­здателем историче-ского романа. 16. Сообщают, что экспедиция достигла места назначения. 17. Я случайно знаю номер его телефона. 18. Он ока­зался хорошим спортсменом. 19. Он, кажется, пишет новую статью: кажется, он работает над ней уже две недели. 20. Я случайно встретил его в Москве. 21. Полагают, что они знают об этом больше, чем хотят показать. 22. Джим оказался храбрым мальчиком. 23. Рочестер случайно встретил Джейн по дороге домой. 24. Говорят, что он работает над своим изобретением уже несколь­ко лет. 25. Говорят, что эта статья переведена на все языки мира. 26. Вы, кажется, много читали до поступления в университет.


УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ ПОСЛЕ "I WISH"

Запомните три типа условных предложений:

Ill


If the weather /s fine, we shall play out­side.

If you ring me u&, I shall tell you some­thing.

If the weather were fine, we should play outside.

If you rang me up, I should tell you something.

If the weather had been fine, we should have played outside.

If you had rung me up. I should have told you something.


Если погода будет хоро­шая, мы будем играть на открытом воздухе.

Если ты мне позвонишь, я тебе кое-что расскажу.

Если бы погода была хо­рошая (сегодня; завтра), мы бы играли на открытом воздухе.

Если бы ты мне позвонил (сегодня, завтра), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал.

Если бы погода была хо­рошая (вчера), мы бы игра­ли на открытом воздухе.

Если бы ты мне позво­нил (вчера), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал.


Условные предложения______ 383

Упражнение 467

Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложе­ние три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

E.g. If you (to be) free, I (to come)to see you. Ifyou arefree, I shall come tosee you. Ifyou werefree, I shouldcome to see you. Ifyou had beenfree, I should have cometo

see you. If I (to see)her, I (to be)glad. If I seeher, I shall beglad. If I sawher, I should beglad. If I had seenher, I should have beenglad.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systemat­ically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Mos­cow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmon­ic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Упражнение 468

Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия:

a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему
(II тип);

b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mis­take. 3. If he doesn't come in time, shall we have to


ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Условные предложения



 


wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be . obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don't come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don't ring him up?

Упражнение 469

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные пред­ложения I типа, используя подстановочную табли­цу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)

 

If I live in the south, I shall bathe every day.
  come home late,   go to bed at once.
  live in the country,   often go to the wood.
  go to the wood,   gather many mushrooms.
  receive his letter,   be very happy.
  fall ill,   go to the doctor.
  find my book,   be very glad.
  lose my money,   be very sorry.
  see my friend, ask his advice.

Упражнение 470

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные пред­ложения II типа, используя подстановочную табли­цу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)

 

I wish in the south I should bathe every day.
I were at home in the country   go to bed. go to the wood.
If I were
  in the wood   gather many mushrooms.
  at the camp   have a very good time.
  a scientist   invent a time machine.
  a composer   write beautiful music.
  a poet   write beautiful poetry.
  a writer   write interesting novels.
  a spaceman   fly to other planets.
  a sailor   sail to Africa.

Упражнение 471

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные пред­ложения III типа, используя подстановочную таб­лицу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)

 

 

I wish translated the ar- I should found out all about
I had ticle yesterday met you yesterday have this discovery, told you something.
If I had
  read this new book   told you about it.
  seen your brother   asked him to come
  yesterday   to our place.
  bought a diction-   translated the text.
  ary    
  learned my lesson   got a good mark.
  rung him up yes-   found out all about
  terday   his illness.
  gone to the library   got that book.
  had more practice   won the game yes-
  in chess   terday.
  joined you in   caught a lot of fish.
  fishing    
  had a ticket yes-   gone to the theatre
  terday   with you.
  asked you to help me   done the work well.
  called at that shop   bought the book.
  called on my friend   met interesting
  yesterday   people.
  won the champion-   been sent abroad.
  ship    
  heard about it yes-   been pleased.
  terday    

13 Ю. Голицынский


386 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Условные предложения



 


Упражнение 472

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so care­less about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the compo­sition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Упражнение 473

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

1. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea. 2. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party. 3. My brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not to hurt) his leg. 4. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day. 5. If you spoke English every day, you (to im­prove) your language skills. 6. If you get a "five", your mother (to be) happy. 7. If she (to return) earli-


er, she would have been able to see him before he left. 8. If these shoes were not too big for me, I (to buy) them. 9. If you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 10. If you (to be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 11. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well. 12. If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend. 13. If he (not to pass) his exam, he will not get a scholarship. 14. If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation. 15. My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 16. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately. 17. If I were a famous singer, I (to get)-* lot of flowers every day.

Упражнение 474

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him, of course. 2. If I don't manage to finish my report today, I (to stay) at home tomorrow. 3. If she were more careful about her diet, she (not to be) so stout. 4. You would not feel so bad if you (not to smoke) too much. 5. If he (to learn) the poem, he would not have got a bad mark. 6. If you gave me your dictionary for a couple of days, I (to translate) this text. 7. If I (to be) a musician, I should be very happy. 8. If Barbara (to get) up at half past eight, she would have been late for school. 9. If you had not put the cup on the edge of the table, it (not to get) broken. 10. I should be very glad if he (to come) to my place. 11. If he (to live) in St. Petersburg, he would go to the Hermitage every week. 12. If you (to go) to the theatre with us last week, you would have enjoyed the evening. 13. You won't understand the rule if you (not to listen) to the teacher. 14. If he weren't such a bookworm, he (not to spend) so


388ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Условные предложения 389


 


much time sitting in the library. 15. I should not have bought the car if my friend (not to lend) me money. 16. If he did not live in St. Petersburg, we (not to meet) so often. 17. If he had warned me, I (to do) the work in time.

Упражнение 475

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you. 2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn't reminded him to do that. 4. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly. 5. If he (to be) more coura­geous, he would not be afraid. 6. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish. 7. If you (to put) the ice cream into the refrigera­tor, it would not have melted. 8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately. 9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.

10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.

11. If I (not to know) English, I should not be able
to enjoy Byron's poetry. 12. I (not to do) it if you
did not ask me. 13. If men (to have) no weapons,
would wars be possible? 14. You will never finish
your work if you (to waste) your time like that.
15. If I (to have) his telephone number, I should eas­
ily settle this matter with him.

Упражнение 476

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1.If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should certainly have told her all about it. 2. If you (to do) your morn­ing exercises every day, your health would be much


better. 3. If he is not very busy, he (to agree) to go to the museum with us. 4. If I (not to be) present at the lesson, I should not have understood this diffi­cult rule. 5. If he reads fifty pages every day, his vocabulary (to increase) greatly. 6. If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measures. 7. If I (to get) this book, I shall be happy. 8. If you really loved music, you (to go) to the Philharmonic much more often. 9. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to miss) the train. 10. If you (not to miss) the train, you would have arrived on time. 11. You (not to miss) the teacher's explanation if you had ar­rived on time. 12. You would have understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher's explanation. 13. If you (to understand) the rule, you would have written the paper successfully. 14. If you had writ­ten the paper successfully, you (not to get) a "two". 15. Your mother (not to scold) you if you had not got a "two". 16. If your mother (not to scold) you, you would have felt happier.

Упражнение 477

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If it (to rain) tomorrow, our game will be can­celled. 2. If a dog (to bite) in her leg, she would go straight to hospital. 3. If he had known it was going to rain, he (to take) his umbrella to work today. 4. If only I (to have) more pocket money, I could buy some new English books. 5. If she hadn't missed the bus, she (not to be) late for work. 6. If I (to live) two hundred years ago, I couldn't have spoken on the telephone. 7. If my daughter did her homework care­fully, she (to get) much better marks. She's really a smart little girl. 8. If his friend (to be) in the mood to see a film, they would have gone to the cinema last night. 9. If my cactus plant (not to have) a rare


390ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Условные предложения



 


disease, it wouldn't have died. 10. If they had re­membered your address, they (to send) you a post­card. 11. If Tom saw a car crash, he (to telephone) the police and (to help) the people in the cars. 12. If you are not sure, what to say, you (to have) to guess. 13. If she (not to be) very ill, she wouldn't have been absent from English classes all last week. 14. If my parents had had good seats, they (to enjoy) the play last night. 15. If a robber (to attack) him in a dark street, he would defend himself. 16. If he hadn't been so careless, he (not to fall) into this trap. 17. If you (not to smoke), you would feel more energetic. 18. If her alarm clock (to ring), she would have been on time for work this morning.

Упражнение 478

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If you were on a hijacked plane, you (to attack) the hijackers? 2. If they were on a hijacked plane, they (to stay) calm and probably (to survive). 3. If my friend had been trying harder, he (to succeed). 4. If I (to live) in 1703,1 shouldn't (wouldn't')1 have had a computer. 5. If she (to smell) smoke in the middle of the night, she would telephone the fire brigade and run into the street and shout, "Fire!" 6. If he (to invite), he would have come to the party last Sunday. 7. If the driver in front hadn't stopped suddenly, the accident (not to happen). 8. If you (not to know) how to play, my sister will explain the rules to you. 9. If she had told them it was her birthday,

'В современном английском языке имеется тенденция к употреблению "would" вместо "should" с первым лицом един­ственного и множественного числа в главном предложении условных придаточных предложений II и III типов. См. Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use" a book for intermediate students: Unit 38 — If I knew his number, I wouldphone him.


they (to give) her a birthday present. 10. If I had more time, I (to read) more books. 11. If their TV had been working, they (to watch) the President's speech last night. 12. If my T-shirt hadn't been 100 percent cotton, it (not to shrink) so much. 13. How can you become more popular in your class: if you (to get) the top mark in mathematics or En­glish or if you (to be) good at sports? 14. If they (to go) by car, they would have saved time. 15. If I (to be) a bird, I would1 be able to fly. 16. If he (to bring) his book home, he would have done his homework last night. 17. If my mother (to win) a million pounds, she would spend it as fast as possible. 18. If you had been feeling well, you (to be) in class yesterday.

Упражнение 479

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. I am sorry that you do not read English nov­els; if you (to read) them, I (to lend) you some very interesting ones. 2. You say that you did not read yesterday's papers; if you (to read) them, you (to see) the announcement of Professor X's coming to our town. 3. He is not ill: if he (to be) ill, he (not to play) tennis so much. 4. He was not ill last week: if he (to be) ill, he (not to take) part in the football match. 5. How slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) so slippery. 6. I am glad I was able to attend the lecture yesterday. You (to be) displeased if I (not to come)? 7. Let's take a taxi to the railway station: we have a lot of luggage. If we (not to have) so much luggage, we (to walk). 8. Stop work­ing and let's go inside: it is too dark. If the evening (not to be) so dark, we (to continue) the work. 9.1 don't believe you: you only say that you want to know

1 См. примечание на стр. 390.


392 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Условные предложения



 


languages. If you (to be) really interested in lan­guages, you (to study) them.

Упражнение 480

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If ... 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If ... 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If ... 4. He speaks En­glish badly: he has no practice. If ... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that's why I did not come to see you. If ... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that's why it struck a rock. If ... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If ... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If ... 9. The sea is rough, and we can­not sail to the island. If ... 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If ... 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If ... 12. I was expect­ing my friend to come, that's why I could not go to the cinema with you. If ... 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If ... 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dic­tionary. If ... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If ... 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why I took a taxi. If ...

Упражнение 481

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If ... 2. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If ... 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical


plant and the air around is very bad. If ... 4. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If ... 5. You cannot enjoy this merry evening party because you have a toothache. If ... 6. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that's why you always make many mistakes. If ... 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If ... 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If ... 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If ... 10. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If ... 11. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If ... 12. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If ... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If ... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If ...

Упражнение 482

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Phil­harmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.

5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.

6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Span­ish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday's


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Условные предложения



 


party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don't you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortu­nate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Упражнение 483

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

1. I wish I (can) give up smoking. 2. She wishes she (to see) him at yesterday's party. 3. I wish I (to pass) my driving test last Monday. 4. I wish I (not to forget) my friend's birthday yesterday. 5. The boy is sad. He wishes he (not to break) the window. 6. My aunt wishes she (to stay) at home last week­end. 7. He wishes he (to know) something about cars. 8. I wish it (to be) sunny. 9. I wish it (to be) sunny during our picnic last Saturday. 10. She wishes she (to live) in the Crimea. 11. My friend wishes he (not to do) that last night. 12.1 wish I (to bring) my cam­era last summer. 13. I wish I (can) tell the future. 14. Do you wish you (to be) in the Guinness Book of Records? 15. Some people wish they (can) appear on a TV game show and become famous. 16. She often wishes things (to be) different.

Упражнение 484

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя "I wish".

• E.g. It's a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. Unfortunately they won't return before Christ­mas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor


knowledge at the exam. 3. It's a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It's a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It's a pity we shan't be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don't know enough physics.

Упражнение 485

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "1 wish".

1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный, б) Жаль, что он не достаточно серьезен.

2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета, б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.

3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно, б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.

4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.

б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.

5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,
б) К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

Упражнение 486

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "I wish".

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были ка­никулы. 3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером!

4. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета.

5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пик­нике. 6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет.

 

7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты.

8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что


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Условные предложения



 


вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы на­писали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не об­ратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она де­лает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не зас­тали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рас­сказала нам эту историю раньше.

Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи

употребления времен в условных предложениях

// и /// типа:

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have rung him up. yesterday.

Условие относится к настоящему времени (// тип), а следствие — к прошедшему (/// тип).

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

Условие относится к прошедшему времени (/// тип), а следствие — к настоящему (// тип).

Упражнение 487

Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о смешанных случаях.

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a tooth­ache. If ... 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled.


If ... 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If ... 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress re­hearsal. If ... 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If ... 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If ... 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If ... 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If ... 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to un­derstand this difficult material. If ... 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If ... 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If ... 12. She won't try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If ...

Упражнение 488

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встрети­ли, вы бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на ва­шем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстро­ит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне по­могли решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень бла­годарен. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в го­лову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сдела­ли работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свобод­ны. 7. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 8. Если бы он регулярно не посещал спор­тивные тренировки, он не добился бы такого успе­ха на состязаниях. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Жаль,


398ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был ум­нее, он бы не пошел вчера в лес. 12. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. 13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не испекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечатель­ный композитор. 15. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечер состоялся.

Упражнение 489

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давно поговорил с ней. 2. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале. 3. Если бы я жил близ­ко, я бы чаще заходил к вам. 4. Если бы вы не пре­рвали нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок. 5. Если бы он не следовал советам врача, он бы не поправился так быстро. 6. Если бы он не был та­лантливым художником, его картину не приняли бы на выставку. 7. Если бы вы тогда послушались моего совета, вы бы не были сейчас в таком затруд­нительном положении. 8. Если бы я не был так за­нят в эти дни, я бы помог тебе вчера. 9. Если бы он не был так близорук, он бы узнал меня вчера в те­атре. 10. Она здорова. Если бы она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера. 11. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал. 12. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома. 13. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину. 14. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители ку­пили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она будет выдающимся музыкантом.


МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

_____________________ CAN_____________________

Возможность что-нибудь сделать (могу, умею)

I can play the piano. I cannot swim.

(умею) (не умею)

He can answer the He cannot understand,

question, (может) (не может)

Can you sing? (умеете?) Can you help me? (можете?)

I could not ski when I was little, (не умел) She could not jump so high, (не могла)

Упражнение 490

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Her grandmother can knit very well. 2. I can answer the questions. They are very easy. 3. This trip is too expensive for me. I can't afford it. 4. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can find the job she's looking for. 5. Can you go to have lunch with me? — I'm sorry. I can't. 6. Mike can run very fast. 7. They can understand French. 8. Kate can speak English well. 9. My broth-


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Модальные глаголы



 


er can come and help you in the garden. 10. Can you speak Spanish? 11. Can your brother help me with mathematics? 12. His little sister can walk al­ready. 13. The children cannot carry this box: it is too heavy. 14. My friend cannot come in time. 15. This old woman cannot sleep at night. 16. His sis­ter can cook very well. 17. I can sing, but I cannot dance. 18. Can't you wait till tomorrow morning? — I can wait, but my toothache can't.

Упражнение 491

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол can (could).

1. Я умею говорить по-английски. 2. Мой папа не умеет говорить по-немецки. 3. Ты умеешь го­ворить по-французски? 4. Моя сестра не умеет кататься на коньках. 5. Ты можешь переплыть эту реку? 6. Я не могу выпить это молоко. 7. Она не может вас понять. 8. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году? 9. В прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах, а сейчас умею. 10. Вы не можете мне ска­зать, как доехать до вокзала? 11. Не могли ли бы вы мне помочь? 12. Я не могу перевести это пред­ложение. 13. Никто не мог мне помочь. 14. Где тут можно купить хлеб? 15. Твоя бабушка умела танцевать, когда была молодая? — Да, она и сей­час умеет.

ТО BE ABLE TO

Эквивалент глагола CAN

Не is able to do it. (может, в состоянии) Не was able to do it yesterday, (мог) He will be able to do it tomorrow, (сможет) He has been able to swim since childhood.

(умеет с детства)


Упражнение 492

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя вы­ражение to be able to.

1. Она не сможет вовремя добраться до аэропор­та. 2. Ты сможешь отправить ему электронную почту сегодня вечером? 3. Они какое-то время не смогут смотреть телевизор, с ним что-то случи­лось. 4. Боюсь, что он не сможет помочь мне пе­реехать в новый дом на следующей неделе. 5. Ты сможешь сделать эту работу завтра? 6. Я думаю, она не сумеет решить эту задачу. 7. Завтра я буду свободен и смогу помочь тебе. 8. Мы сможем по­ехать в Нью-Йорк в будущем году? 9. Ты сможешь починить мой магнитофон? 10. Вчера я не смог повидать директора, так как он был на конферен­ции, но сегодня после работы я смогу это сделать.

Упражнение 493

Перепишите следующие предложения, добавляя слова, данные в скобках. Замените модальный гла­гол can (could) выражением to be able to, где это необходимо.

1. They can (never) appreciate your kindness. 2. I was sure you could translate that article (after you had translated so many texts on physics). 3. You can go to the country (when you have passed your last examination). 4. We can pass to the next exer­cise (when we have done this one). 5. I can give you my book for a couple of days (after I have read it). 6. He can ski (for ten years). 7. We knew that she could swim (since childhood). 8. You cannot take part in this serious competition (until you have mastered good skills). 9. I could not solve the prob­lem (before he explained it to me).


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Модальные глаголы



 


______________________ MAY______________________

Разрешение (можно)

You may take my pen. (можете) You may not touch it. (нельзя) May I come in? (можно?)

В косвенной речи: Mother said that I might play.

(сказала, что можно)

Предположение (может быть)

It may rain soon, (может быть, пойдет дождь) Be careful: you may fall, (можешь упасть)

Упражнение 494

Переведите на русский язык.

1. May I invite Nick to our house? 2. You may go now. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 4. Don't go to the wood alone: you may lose your way. 5. May I go to the post office with Mike? 6. May I take Pete's bag? 7. Don't give the vase to the child: he may break it. 8. May we take notes with a pencil? 9. You may not cross the street when the light is red. 10. May I shut the door? 11. It stopped raining, and mother told us that we might go out. 12. May children play with scissors? 13. They may travel by sea. It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. 14. It may be true. 15. May I come and see you? 16. Where have you been, may I ask?

Упражнение 495

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол may.

1. Можно мне войти? 2. Можно, я пойду гу­лять? 3. Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти


домой. 4. Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти до­мой. 5. Доктор говорит, что я уже могу купать­ся. 6. Папа сказал, что мы можем идти в кино одни. 7. Я думал, что мне можно смотреть теле­визор. 8. Если ты не наденешь пальто, ты мо­жешь заболеть. 9. Не уходи из дома: мама может скоро прийти, а у нее нет ключа. 10. Будь осто­рожен: ты можешь упасть. 11. Не трогай собаку: она может укусить тебя. 12. Мы, может быть, поедем за город в воскресенье. 13. Он может за­быть об этом. 14. Скоро может пойти дождь. 15. Здесь нечего делать. Мы можем рано уйти се­годня. 16. Он, может быть, и знает эту проблему, поэтому он, может быть, и знает ответ на этот вопрос, но я не очень уверена. 17. Если хотите, можете идти сейчас. 18. Где они сейчас живут? — Они, может быть, и живут сейчас за границей, но я не очень уверена.

ТО BE ALLOWED TO

Эквивалент глагола MAY

We are allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешают) We were allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешили) We shall be allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешат)

Упражнение 496

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя вы­ражение to be allowed to.

1. Курить воспрещается. 2. Ему не позволили курить у них в доме. 3. В Англии вам разрешат водить машину, если вам 17 лет. 4. В США вам разрешают продолжать ездить на машине даже в возрасте 90 лет. 5. Мне разрешают пользоваться папиным магнитофоном. 6. Дети уже большие. Им разрешают ходить в школу одним. 7. Ему не раз-


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Модальные глаголы



 


решают купаться в этой реке. 8. Вчера ей позво­лили прийти домой в десять часов. 9. Нам не поз­воляют разговаривать на уроках. 10. Тебе позво­лили взять эту книгу? 11. Я думаю, мне не разре­шат поехать с тобой за город. 12. Тебе разрешат пойти гулять, когда ты сделаешь уроки. 13. Тебе разрешали ходить на озеро, когда ты был малень­кий? 14. Когда мне позволят есть мороженое? 15. Вам не разрешается разговаривать на экзамене.

Упражнение 497

Вставьте модальный глагол may (might) или выражение to be allowed to. Вставляйте to be al­lowed to только в тех случаях, где may (might) упо­требить нельзя.

1. Не ... go home if he likes. 2. As soon as the boy ... leave the room, he smiled a happy smile and ran out to join his friends outside. 3. The doctor says I am much better. I ... get up for a few hours every day. 4. ... I bring my sister to the party? 5. He asked if he ... bring his sister to the party. 6. After they had finished their homework, the children ... watch TV. 7. He ... join the sports section as soon as he is through with his medical examination. 8. Becky's mother said that everybody ... take part in the pic­nic. 9. If you pass your exams, you ... go to the south. 10. ... I borrow your car, please? 11. He asked if he ... borrow my car. 12. ... I have a look at your newspaper?

Упражнение 498

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.

1. ... you see anything in this inky darkness? 2. You ... go when you have finished your composi­tions. 3. What shall we do if the train is late? It ...


be late, you know, after the terrible snowstorms we've had. 4. When ... you come and see me? — Let me see: I... not come tomorrow, for I must be at the meeting, but on Sunday I'llfind time. Yes, you ... expect me on Sunday about three o'clock. Will that be all right? 5. You ... come in when you have tak­en off your boots. 6. Be careful: you ... spill the milk if you carry it like that. 7. Most children ... slide on the ice very well. 8. I don't think I ... be here by eleven o'clock tomorrow, but I ... be.

Упражнение 499

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.

1. ... I come in? 2. Let me look at your exercises. I ... be able to help you. 3. I ... not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I ... stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I am go­ing to learn to swim. 4. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes ... get books there. 5. I ... come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 6. Take your raincoat with you: it ... rain today. 7. Do you think you ... do that? 8. I ... finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me any more. 9. ... we come and see you next Sunday at three o'clock in the afternoon? 10. What time is it? — It ... be about six o'clock, but I am not sure. 11. Only a person who knows the language very well ... answer such a question.

Упражнение 500

Вставьте модальные глаголы may (might) или can (could).

1. ... you help me? 2. I ... not imagine her speak­ing in public: I knew that she was so shy. 3. Some-


406ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


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thing was wrong with the car: he ... not start it. 4.-A fool ... ask more questions than a wise man ... answer. 5. She asked me if she ... use my telephone. 6. ... I use your pen? 7. ... I find a pen on that ta­ble? 8. You ... read this book: you know the lan­guage well enough. 9. You ... take this book: I don't need it. 10. ... I help you? 11. ... I ask you to help me? 12. The school was silent: nothing ... be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting ... be end­less, you know. 14. ... you tell me the nearest way to the city museum? 15. They ... think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he ... find in the rich university library.

MUST

Долженствование

You must respect your parents,(должны) You must not go there,(нельзя) Must I learn it by heart?(должен?)

Предположение (должно быть) It must be cold outside,(должно быть)

Упражнение 501

Переведите на русский язык.

1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese.


5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school in time. 7. Don't ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9.1 must help my mother today. 10. Don't worry! This is not important. — Not important! You must be joking! 11. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today. 12. You must not argue with the boss. 13. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight. 14. You must stop smok­ing! If you don't, you're going to have serious prob­lems with your lungs some day.

Упражнение 502

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя мо­дальный глагол must.

1. Я должна упорно работать над своим англий­ским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учите­ля на уроке. 3. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 4. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязан­ностях. 5. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 6. Она должна быть дома сейчас. 7. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 8. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 9. Должно быть, очень трудно решать та­кие задачи. 10. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга. 11. Он, должно быть, очень устал. 12. У них даже есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 13. Ты должен уехать завтра утром? 14. Вы не долж­ны опаздывать. 15. Я не должен забывать о своей матери. Я не писал ей целую вечность. Сегодня ве­чером я должен написать ей письмо. 16. Эта кни­га очень ценная. Вы не должны ее терять. 17. Не­ужели вам надо уже уходить? 18. Я должен при­знать, что я неправ.


408 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ


Модальные глаголы



 


ТО HAVE TO

Эквивалент глагола MUST

I have to go there. (надо) I had to go there. (пришлось) I shall have to go there. (придется)

I don't have to go there.

(не надо)

I didn't have to go there.

(не пришлось)

I shan't have to go there.

(не придется)

______________________________ i

Do you have to go there? (надо?) Did you have to go there? (пришлось?) Will you have to go there? (придется?)

Упражнение 503

Переведите на русский язык.

1. I have not written the composition. I shall have to write it on Sunday. 2. We did not have to buy bis­cuits because our granny had baked a delicious pie. 3. Will you have to get up early tomorrow? 4. I had to do a lot of homework yesterday. 5. She had to stay at home because she did not feel well. 6. Pete had to stay at home because it was very cold. 7. Mike had to write this exercise at school because he had not done it at home. 8. They had to call the doctor be­cause the grandmother was ill. 9. Why did you have to stay at home yesterday? — Because my parents were not at home and I had to look after my little sister. 10. It was Sunday yesterday, so he didn't have to be at work, but he had to do a lot at home. 11. I am sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I had to work late. 12. Why do you have to



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