И способы перевода на русский язык

Запомните следующие словосочетания с инфинитивом:

to cut a long story short - короче говоря

to tell you the truth - по правде говоря

to say nothing of - не говоря

to put it mildly - мягко выражаясь

to say the least of - по меньшей мере

to begin with - для начала, прежде всего

to sum it up - подводя итоги

Упражнения.

1. Образуйте следующие формы инфинитива:

Indefinite Passive: to translate, to receive, to trace, to defend, to reject, to publish, to reach, to treat.

Continuous Active: to translate, to pass, to stay, to develop, to watch, to carry, to march, to make.

Perfect Active: to translate, to discover, to seize, to buy, to sell, to consider, to find, to invade, to enter.

Perfect Active: to translate, to send, to play, to write, to publish, to spend, to treat, to attract.

Perfect Continuous: to translate, to serve, to look for, to listen to, to study, to do, to prepare, to watch.

2.Прочитайте предложения, определите форму и функцию инфинитива, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. We are glad to take part in the concert. 2. She was sorry to have missed the train. 3. I intend to invite my friends. 4. There is nothing to be done. 5. It is hard to help you in this situation. 6. He decided to report at the conference. 7. She likes to ask questions. 8. It is easy to fulfil this plan. 9. I want to know the answer. 10. You must learn to work hard. 11. Peter and Ann are to be married soon. 12. They have come to learn English. 13. You should eat to live, not to live to eat. 14. He will be the first to come and last to go. 15. To save the child he rushed into the burning house. 16. The captain was the last man to leave the ship. 17. He is happy to have been accepted to the Institute. 18. I am sorry to have interrupted you. 19. To master English you must work hard. 20. His dream was to become an artist. 21. It was a difficult problem to solve. 22. This is the article to be published in our magazine. 23. Here is a good house to live in. 24. There was nothing interesting at the exhibition to attract our attention. 25. To come to the Institute in time I must leave at 7.30. 26. I am waiting to be told the result.27. She may have returned. 28. He cannot have lifted the box. It takes two men to lift it. 30. I should like to have seen this film.

3.Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитив в функции определения:

1. Let’s find something to sit on. 2. The lecture to be attended is of great importance. 3. Isn’t there anything more interesting to look at? 4. Can’t you find something useful to do? 5. He had a visit to pay in the afternoon. 6. She has little to be proud of. 7. I have no money to speak of. 8. He had no place to go. 9. This room is difficult to heat. 10. Determination to win brings success. 11. There was still a mile to walk. 12. The driver asked me the address to drive to. 13. The department store to be opened in this district will be the biggest in the city. 14. The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance to our work. 15. He is the one to speak to, not me. 16. Who was the last to arrive? 17. Who is the first to speak? 18. «Haven’t you anyone to help you with this work?» «No, I have no one to help me». 19. Mrs. Green’s husband is hard to please.

4.Переведите предложения с инфинитивом в функции обстоятельства:

1. I go to the reading room to prepare my lessons. 2. We listen to these tapes to learn to read English. 3. To learn words my brother reads a lot. 4. I need a lot of time to translate these books. 5. To do the translation I need a dictionary. 6. I give you half an hour to do this work. 7. I am waiting to be told the results. 8. To learn the new words I review them every day. 9. He is far too clever to have done it. 10. It is too good to be true. 11. The weather is not bad enough for me to stay inside. 12. I was too tired to speak. 13. The book is not easy enough for her to read it. 14. Tell them you are too upset to answer any questions. 15. I know him too well not to believe him. 16. I think he is clever enough to understand it. 17 The question was too unexpected to be answered at once.

5. Употребите инфинитив вместо придаточных предложениях в функции:

а) определения

б) обстоятельства

а) образец: This is a book, which must be read

This is a book to be read.

1. He was the first who finished his work. 2.The work, which is to be done by the students, includes written translation from English into Russian. 3.The task, which is to be fulfilled, is quite clear to us. 4.This is the article, which is to be published next month. 5.He was the first man who arrived. 6.There are a lot of things that need repairing. 7.There was no place he could sit. 8.We’ll find someone who will help us if you are busy. 9.He was the first who broke the silence. 10.The project, which is to be submitted next week, is not ready yet. 11.It is a difficult problem, which we must solve. 12.He was the first who arrived and the last who left.

б) образец: They sent me to Paris. They wanted me to learn French.

They sent me to Paris to learn French.

1. She went to London. She wanted to find a job there. 2. I’m buying paint. I want to paint my door. 3. They got up early. They wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise. 4. He rang the bell. He wanted to tell us that dinner was ready. 5. I took off my shoes. I didn’t want to make any noise. 6. I am learning Greek. I wish to read Homer. 7. I’m saving money. I want to buy a car. 8. I took a book from the library. I wanted to read it at home. 9. She must work hard. She wants to master English. 10. He must hurry up. He mustn’t be late. 11. I’ve come here. I wanted to work. I didn’t want to play. 12. We stopped there. We wanted to have a rest.

6. Переведите на английский язык, используя инфинитив:

а) книга, которую надо прочитать; письмо, которое надо отправить; дом, который надо построить; текст, который надо перевести; статья, которую надо напечатать; стихотворение, которое надо опубликовать; фильм, который надо посмотреть; журнал, который надо купить; задача, которую надо решить; правило, которое надо выучить; диктант, который надо написать; экзамен, который надо сдать.

б) 1. Я рад, что купил билеты заранее. 2. Я пришел сюда, чтобы научиться играть в футбол. 3. Она пошла домой, чтобы пораньше лечь спать. 4. Вопрос, который предстоит обсудить, имеет огромное значение. 5. Товарищ Петров принял наше предложение первым. 6. Наша задача - выполнить эту работу как можно скорее. 7. Мне потребовалось много времени, чтобы перевести эту статью. 8. Для того, чтобы сделать хороший доклад, ему пришлось прочитать много книг. 9. Я не помню, чтобы говорила вам об этом. 10. Трудиться - долг каждого. 11. По правде говоря, мне не хочется идти в кино. 12. Попов А.С. первым изобрел радио. 13. Новое задание, которое будет построено вместо старого, спроектировано молодым архитектором. 14. Короче говоря, он не сдал экзамен. 15. Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили. 16. Это очень странно, по меньшей мере.

в) 1. Он хочет, чтобы его послали учиться. 2. Я хочу, чтобы мне дали книгу почитать. 3. Она надеется, что ей покажут достопримечательности города. 4. Я не хочу, чтобы меня спрашивали об этом. 5. Я не рада, что меня пригласили на вечер. 6. Она хочет, чтобы ей рассказали эту историю. 7. Он не любит, когда его перебивают. 8. Она надеется, что ее обеспечат всем необходимым для работы. 9. Мы рады, что нас встретят на станции. 10. Они хотят, чтобы им сказали правду. 11. Я хочу, чтобы меня познакомили с этой артисткой. 12. Я не ожидал, что меня остановят. 13. Он не любит, когда ему лгут. 14. Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки.