Read the text and do the exercises given below

Science against Pain

Many doctors and scientists in various countries in the past tried to discover ways and means of killing pain. Anaesthesia, which is an ordinary thing now, is the result of the long and hard work of many. It is difficult to say now who was the first, but some of the names must not be forgotten. In 1776 Joseph Priestley, a prominent English chemist, found a gas which is now called "laughing-gas" because it makes people feel a little drunk after inhaling it. For about thirty years no one was seriously interested in it, but in 1800 Humphry Davy, the famous English chemist, noticed its effects. He also said that it would probably be useful in operations because it could take away pain.

About 1824 an English doctor called Hickman read Davy's books and tried laughing-gas on dogs and other animals. He got some good results, but still no interest was shown. Hickman died young, before he could make people believe in laughing-gas as an anaesthetic.

Laughing-gas became known in America, where young men and women went to parties to try it. Most of them spent their time laughing, but one man at a party, Horace Wells, who was a dentist, noticed that people did not seem to feel pain when they were under the effects of this gas. He decided to try an experiment on himself. He asked a friend to help him.

Wells inhaled some of the gas, and his friend pulled out one of Wells' teeth. Wells felt no pain at all. He had lost a perfectly good tooth, but he was delighted. Teeth could now be pulled out without pain.

a) Mark the statements which are True.

31. Nobody knows who was the first to use anaesthesia for killing pain.

32. It was in America where "laughing-gas" was found by Joseph Priestley, a prominent chemist.

33. For a long time no one was seriously interested in "laughing-gas".

34. A French doctor called Hickman was the first to try "laughing-gas" on dogs and other animals.

35. Horace Wells, an American dentist, decided to try an experiment on himself, but his friend refused to help him.

b) Write down your answers to the following questions.

36. Did many doctors and scientists in the past try to discover means of killing pain?

37. Is it difficult to say who was the first to find out anaesthesia?

38. Who found the gas which is now called "laughing-gas"?

39. How does the gas effect people and animals?

40. For what purpose was it first used by the young people of America?

41. Who made experiments with the gas on himself?

c) Ask three questions on the text.

42.___________

43.___________

44.___________

Translate the sentences from English into Russian.(task45-47)

45.English people never shake hands when meeting one another. They just smile and say"Hello". They say "How do you do" sometimes, but not very often, only to people they meetfor.

46. Can you give me any information about the places of interest in your town?

47. Nikolai. Ostrovsky is the most beautiful street in Astrakhan. It is much widerthan many otherstreets in the town.

Translate the sentence from Russian into English.(task48-50)

48. Мать и отец - это единственные люди, которых я когда-нибудь любил. Я знаю, что они никогда не подведут и не предадут меня.

49. По телевизору сообщалось, что первая станция метро открылась в Лондоне в 1860 году. Лондонское метро является старейшим в мире.

50.Он получит хорошую работу, если успешно сдаст все экзамены. Но я не уверен, что он сможет это сделать.

 

Итоговый тест для всех направлений ИРХБиП

Курс 2 семестр

 

Part 1

Use the proper form:

1. Some women don't cut their ... and wear ... long all their lives.

a) hair c) them

b) hairs d) it

2. Didn't you see that the boots you were buying ... a pair?

a) isn't c) wasn't

b) aren't d) weren't

3. He can't leave the country until the police ... his passport.

a) return c) will return

b) returns d) would return

4. The most important news ... broadcast on this channel.

a) is c) were

b) are d) shall be

5. There ... hardly any furniture in his room. He ... even got a desk to write on.

a) are c) is

b) hasn't d) haven't

6. Jack said that unless I _______ his advice they ________ my

business.

A would not take, ruined

B would take, would have ruined

C had taken, would ruin D hadn't taken, had ruined

7.Let the husband treat his wife, and the wife_________________ her

husband with______ much respect and attention, as he

___ a strange lady, and she a strange gentleman.

A treated, as, would treat B treat, so, treats

C treat, as, would treat D to treat, so, to treat

8. I was used to_______ the old people at home_________ about

it. They said he_______ her money to get rid of her.

A hear, whispering, must have paid

B hearing, whisper, might have paid

C hear, whisper, had to pay

D hearing, whispering, ought have paid

9. Five short piano pieces composed by Mozart when he
six years old_______ still frequently_______ .

A had been, are, playing B was, are, played C has been, has been, played D had been, had been, playing

10. If you______ some money, you________ so hard up now,

A have saved, won't be

B save, wouldn't have been C had saved, wouldn't be D haven't saved, haven't been

11. He seemed_______ dissatisfied, so we asked him if there

was____ that we could do for him.

A to be, something farther

B to have been, anything far

C to be, anything further

D to have been, something farther

12.. Thank for the present, Bill.

a) Never mind. b) It's a pleasure. c) You are welcome.

13. . Pass me the salt, please.

a) Oh, don't bother. b) Here they are. c) Certainly. Here you are.

14.. I don't like hot milk.

a) So do I. b) Neither do I. c) Neither I do.

15.. Pleased to meet you.

a) So am I. b) See you later.

c) What do you mean?

Use Passive Constructions:

16. People will talk much about the successful debut of the young actress.

17. You should send the sick man to hospital.

18. Why did they laugh at him?

Change into Reported Speech:

19. "I've bought two tickets for the performance".

20. He told me, "Take a taxi not to be late".

21. She asked, "Are you discussing my proposals now?"