|
| Present (настоящее)
| Past (прошедшее)
| Future (будущее)
|
| S
i
m
p
l
e
|
Действие происходит регулярно, постоянно (usually, always, sometimes, often, seldom, every day)
+ ___ V1 / Vs (he, she, it)
? Do / Does ___ V1 …?
- ___ don’t / doesn’t + V1
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Действие произошло в прошлом (yesterday, last year, 3 weeks ago, in 1998, the day before yesterday)
+ ___ Ved / V2
? Did ___ V1 …?
- ___ didn’t + V1
|
Действие произойдет в будущем (tomorrow, next month, in 2 days, the day after tomorrow)
+ ___ will (‘ll) + V1
? Will ___ V1 …?
- ___ won’t + V1
|
| C
o n t i n
u
o
u
s
|
Действие происходит в момент речи, временно (now, at the moment, Look!)
+ ___ am / is / are + Ving
? Am / Is / Are ___ Ving
- ___am/is/are + not + Ving
|
Действие длилось в определенный момент в прошлом (from … till …, at 5 o’clock yesterday, when she came, …)
+ ___ was / were + Ving
? Was / Were ___ Ving
- ___was/were + not + Ving
|
Действие будет длиться в определенный момент в будущем (from … till …, at 5 o’clock tomorrow, when she comes, …)
+ ___ will + be + Ving
? Will ___ be + Ving
- ___won’t be + Ving
|
| P
e
r
f
e
c
t
|
Действие совершено на настоящий момент, есть результат действия (already, just, yet, ever, never, so far, for ages, today, this month, recently, lately)
+ ___have/has+ V3(Ved/V3)
? Have / Has ___ V3
- ___ have/ has + not + V3
|
Действие было совершено к определенному моменту в прошлом (by …, before he came)
+ ___ had + V3 (Ved/V3)
? Had ___ V3
- ___ had + not + V3
|
Действие будет совершено на определенный момент в будущем (by…, before he comes)
+ ___ will + have + V3 (Ved/V3)
? Will ___ have + V3
- ___ will + not +
have + V3
|
| P
e
r
f
e
c
t
P
r
o
g
r.
|
Действие началось в прошлом и все еще длится сейчас (since …, for …)
+ ___have/has + been +
+ Ving
? Have / Has ___ been +
+ Ving
- ___ have/ has + not +
+ been + Ving
|
Действие длилось до определенного момента в прошлом (for …)
+ ___ had + been + Ving
? Had ___ been + Ving
- ___ had not + been +
+ Ving
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Способы выражения будущего времени
· Present Continuous – если действие заранее спланировано.
· Be going to – собираться что-то сделать, намереваться.
· Present Simple – если действие происходит по программе, расписанию.
|
ЗАМЕНИТЕЛИ МОДАЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
общая способность – личное достижение
| Present
| Past
| Future
|
| can
| could
| -
|
am
is able to
are
| was
able to
were
| will be able to
|
общее разрешение – разрешение от кого-то
| Present
| Past
| Future
|
| may
| might
| -
|
am
is allowed to
are
| was
allowed to
were
| will be
allowed to
|
| must = to have to, to be to
|
должен / должен по обстоятельствам / должен по плану, договору
P.S. to have to = to have got to
| Present
| Past
| Future
|
| must
have / has to
am / is / are to
| -
had to
was / were to
| -
will have to
-
|
OБОРОТ “СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ”
COMPLEX OBJECT
I II III IV Y
Подлежащее Сказуемое Существ. в именит./ Причастие / другие
Местоим. в объектном Инфинитив члены
падеже предло-
жения
п р и п е р е в о д е :
главное · подлежащее + сказуемое
предложение придаточного предложения
соединительные союзы “что”, “чтобы”, “как”, “когда”
ГЕРУНДИАЛЬНЫЙ ОБОРОТ
I II III IV Y
Подлежащее Сказуемое Существительное/ Герундий другие
Местоимение члены
в притяжательном предло-
падеже жения

п р и п е р е в о д е :
главное · подлежащее + сказуемое
предложение придаточного предложения
соединительные союзы “как”, “то, что”, “тем, что”
ОБОРОТ “CЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ”
COMPLEX SUBJECT
| I
| II
| III
|
| Подлежащее
| Сказуемое
(часто в страдательном
залоге)
| Инфинитив
|
|
He
|
seems
|
to know us.
|

Кажется, что он нас знает.
ТАБЛИЦА НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
| Infinitive
| Past Indefinite
| Participle II
| Перевод
|
| to be
| was, were
| been
| быть
|
| to beat
| beat
| beaten
| бить
|
| to become
| became
| become
| становиться
|
| to begin
| began
| begun
| начинать (ся)
|
| to blow
| blew
| blown
| дуть
|
| to break
| broke
| broken
| ломать
|
| to bring
| brought
| brought
| приносить
|
| to build
| built
| built
| строить
|
| to burn
| burnt
| burnt
| гореть, жечь
|
| to buy
| bought
| bought
| покупать
|
| to catch
| caught
| caught
| ловить, поймать
|
| to choose
| chose
| chosen
| выбирать
|
| to come
| came
| come
| приходить
|
| to cost
| cost
| cost
| стоить
|
| to cut
| cut
| cut
| резать
|
| to do
| did
| done [dAn]
| делать
|
| to draw
| drew
| drawn
| тащить, рисовать
|
| to drink
| drank
| drunk
| пить
|
| to drive
| drove
| driven
| везти
|
| to eat
| ate let]
| eaten
| есть, кушать
|
| to fall
| fell
| fallen
| падать
|
| to feel
| felt
| felt
| чувствовать
|
| to fight
| fought
| fought
| бороться
|
| to find
| found
| found
| находить
|
| to fly
| flew
| flown
| летать
|
| to forget
| forgot
| forgotten
| забывать
|
| to get
| got
| got
| получать,
становиться
|
| to give
| gave
| given
| давать
|
| to go
| went
| gone [gPn]
| идти, ехать
|
| to grow
| grew
| grown
| расти, выращивать
|
| to have
| had
| had
| иметь
|
| to hear
| heard
| heard
| слышать
|
| to hold
| held
| held
| держать
|
| to keep
| kept
| kept
| хранить
|
| to know
| knew
| known
| знать
|
| to lead
| led
| led
| вести (за собой)
|
| to learn
| learnt
| learnt,
| учить, узнавать
|
|
| learned
| learned
| (новое)
|
| to leave
| left
| left
| покидать, оставлять
|
| to lend
| lent
| lent
| давать взаймы
|
| to let
| let
| let
| позволять
|
| to light
| lit
| lit
| зажигать
|
| to lose
| lost
| lost
| терять
|
| to make
| made
| made
| делать, создавать
|
| to mean
| meant [ment]
| meant [ment]
| значить,
иметь в виду
|
| to meet
| met
| met
| встречать(ся,)
знакомить(ся)
|
| to put
| put
| put
| класть, ставить
|
| to read
| read [red]
| read [red]
| читать
|
| to ring
| rang
| rung
| звонить, звенеть
|
| to run
| ran
| run
| бежать
|
| to say
| said [sed]
| said [sed]
| сказать, говорить
|
| to see-
| saw
| seen
| видеть
|
| to sell
| sold
| sold
| продавать
|
| to send
| sent
| sent
| посылать
|
| to set
| set
| set
| устанавливать
|
| .to shine
| shone [SPn]
| shone [SPn]
| светить
|
| to show
| showed
| shown
| показывать
|
| to shut
| shut
| shut
| закрывать
|
| to sing
| sang
| sung
| петь
|
| to sit
| sat
| sat
| сидеть
|
| to sleep
| slept
| slept
| спать
|
| to speak
| spoke
| spoken
| разговаривать
|
| to spend
| spent
| spent
| тратить, проводить (время)
|
| to stand
| stood
| stood
| стоять
|
| to swim
| swam
| swum
| плавать
|
| to take
| took
| taken
| брать
|
| to teach
| taught
| taught
| учить
|
| to tell
| told
| told
| рассказывать
|
| to think
| thought
| thought
| думать
|
| to throw
| threw
| thrown
| бросать
|
| to under stand
| understood
| understood
| понимать
|
| to win
| won
| won
| выигрывать
|
| to write
| wrote
| written
| писать
|