COMPONENTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE

ЗАДАНИЕ №1

1. Прочтите и переведите текст на русский язык.

A VISIT TO A PLANT

A group of pupils was going to visit a machine-building plant. They were met by the chief engineer. He told them a few words about the history of the plant and its work. After the introduction made by the chief engineer, the pupils were taken over the shops. They visited a forge, a foundry and the main assembly line. In the shops they watched the forging, casting and welding processes. The pupils were told about safety techniques, the aim of which is to prevent accidents. The air in the shops was purified by modern ventilators and dust-collecting apparatus.

Experimental work was conducted on a large scale; labor-saving devices were constantly being introduced.

The plant had several sanatoriums and rest homes where the workers could spend their holidays.

The pupils were much impressed by their visit to the plant and learned many interesting things about up-to-date equipment.

 

2. Поставьте 5 вoпрoсов к тексту в устной форме. Расскажите о своем посещении завода или фабрики.

3. Составьте рассказ о выборе профессии и своих планах на будущее, используя следующие слова и выражения:

1) after graduating from the vocational school - после окончания ПТУ;

2) I'd like to get work at... - мне бы хотелось получить работу на (в) ...;

3) I'm going to be... - я собираюсь стать;

4) I want to enter the institute - я хочу поступить в институт;

5) entrance exams - вступительные экзамены;

6) a full-time student - студент дневного отделения;

7) a half lime student - студент вечернего отделения;

8) a fitter (a bench worker) - слесарь;

9) a technician - техник;

10) a mechanic - механик;

14) a welder – сварщик.

 

ЗАДАНИЕ №2

1. Переведите текст письменно

OUR WORK AT THE PLANT

I study at the vocational school. I have practice on my profession at a big plant. My work is interesting and important. I am fond of my work. The workers of the plant fulfill and over fulfill the plan. The automation is introduced in many shops. The production is being constantly increased. My friends and I take part in social life of the plant.

I study and work three days a week. I'm learning many subjects. My favourite subjects are Physics and Literature. Besides, we have many special subjects. I study a trade of a turner and I operate a modern universal lathe. My foreman is an old worker. He is a skilled worker. He performs the most difficult operations.

After graduating from the vocational school I'm going to become a worker and study at the institute.

 

2. Найдите ответы на вопросы в тексте.

– Where do you study?

– Where do you work?

– Is your work interesting and important?

– Do you take part in social life of the plant?

– What subjects do you learn at the vocational school?

– What trade do you study?

– is your foreman a skilled worker?

– What are your future plans?

 

3. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык в письменной форме:

1. Я изучаю профессию слесаря в ПТУ. 2. Мои друзья и я довольны своей работой. 3. Во всех цехах завода введена автоматизация. 4. Мастер нашей группы - квалифицированный рабочий. 5. После окончания училища я буду работать в машиностроительной промышленности. 6. Мы изучаем в училище много специальных предметов.

4. Переведите устно на английский язык следующие словосочетания, употребив притяжательные место имения:

моя работа, наш цех, их завод, его друзья, ее мастер

 

ЗАДАНИЕ №3

 

1. Запишите новые слова. Отработайте их чтение.

safety engineering - техника безопасности

accident - несчастный случай

safety rules - правила техники

lack - нехватка, отсутствие безопасности

training workshop - учебный цех (мастерская)

to ensure – обеспечивать

 

2. Замените русское слово на английское. Используйте новые слова.

This was несчастный случай.

All people should keep технику безопасности.

Do you know правила техники?

We work in мастерской.

I обеспечиваю safety engineering.

 

3. Прочтите текст.

SAFETY ENGINEERING

Accidents to people in industrial enterprises are called industrial traumatism (injury). They occur when workers have not acquired the requisite for skill and lack the necessary experience in handling tools and equipment. Accidents are also caused through neglect of safety rules and regulations in the factories and training workshops.

The purpose of safety engineering is to prevent acci­dents and to create such conditions of work in industry which will ensure maximum productivity of labour.

When taking up new duties or when first going to work at any industrial enterprise each worker is obliged to acquaint him thoroughly with, and to master the safety instructions.

4. Ответьте письменно на вопросы

– How are the accidents to people in industrial enterprises called?

– When do the accidents to people occur?

– What must one do to prevent accidents?

– What is the purpose of safety engineering?

– What is a worker obliged to do when taking up new duties?

 

5. Составьте план пересказа текста.

6. Перескажите текст по плану от первого лица.

7. Составьте с новыми словами свои 6 предложений.

ЗАДАНИЕ №4

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1.quantity а. жесткий (жесткость)

2.alloy b. углерод

3.carbon с. растяжение

4.substance d. поломка

5.tough(ness) е. количество

6.hard(ness) f. ковкость

7.ductility g. разрыв

8.malleability h. прочность

9.tension i. вязкость

10.compression j. сплав

11.rupture k. твердый (твердость)

12.strength l. сжатие

13.braking m. вещество

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

metal, industry, industrial, absolutely, laboratory, steel, elastic, mechanical, result, atom, atomic, structure, special, temperature.

 

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

METALS

1. Mankind has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but only now they are employed in really great quantities.

2. Today we know more than seventy metals, the majority of which are used in industry.

3. Of all the metals iron is the most important one. Absolutely pure iron is never prepared except for laboratory purposes. The irons and steels in use today are really alloys of iron, carbon and other substances. They can be made elastic, tough, hard, or comparatively soft.

4. Mechanical properties of metals are the result of their atomic structure. They include hardness, ductility and malleability which are of special importance in engineering.

5. Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.

Malleability is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed by compression without rupture.

6. These properties are similar to each other but not the same. Most metals increase these properties at higher temperatures.

7. The strength of a metal is the property of resistance to external loads and stresses.

8. These mechanical properties are of great importance in industrial purposes because all parts and units made of iron and steel must meet up-to-date demands.

 

4.Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3,4,5 и 7.

5.Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What is the most important metal?

2.What mechanical properties of metals do you know?

3.What is strength?

4.What is ductility?

5.What is malleability?

Ответы

a. The capacity of ametal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.

b. Iron.

c. The capacity of a metal to be deformed by compression without rupture.

d. The property of a metal to resist to external loads.

e. Hardness, ductility and malleability.

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. The most important metal in use today is....

a) carbon

b) iron

c) some other metal

2.Ductility is the capacity….

3.Malleability is the capacity of a metal....

4.The strength of a metal is the property....

a) to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking

b) to be permanently deformed by city of compression without rupture

c) to resist to external loads and stresses

 

 

ЗАДАНИЕ №8

 

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1.mechanical engineer а. долгий срок службы

2.to deal (with) b. запустить в массовое производство

3. designing cars с. подвергать испытаниям

4. to put into mass production d. плавное сцепление

5. long service life е. отвечать современным требованиям

6.driving safety f. иметь дело (с кем-л., чем-л.)

7.to meet up-to-date demands g. надежные тормоза и рулевое управление -

8.smooth-acting clutch h. безопасность езды (вождения)

9.silent gearbox i. бесшумная коробка передач

10.dependable brakes and steering

system j. инженер-механик

11.to subject to tests k. конструирование автомобилей

 

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

mechanical, mechanism, specialist, industry, phase, technology, process, laboratory, test, fact, automobile, engineer, method, principle, corrosion, type, material, comfortable.

 

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION

1. Specialists in automobile industry deal with designing and manufacturing cars, so they should know that the production of the automobile comprises the following phases:

1)Designing,

2)Working out the technology of manufacturing processes,

3)Laboratory tests,

4)Road tests.

5)Mass production (manufacturing).

2. Why is it necessary to know all these facts?

It is important to know them as before the automobile (car or truck) is put into mass production, it should be properly designed and the automobile must meet up-to-date requirements.

3. What are these requirements?

The automobile must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance.

In order to obtain all these qualities engineers should develop up-to-date methods of designing cars, using new types of resistant to corrosion light materials. Also it is important to know computer science because it is intended to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing. Computers offer quick and optimal solutions of problems.

4. But before the car is put into mass production all its units and mechanisms are subjected to tests, first in the plant's laboratory, then the car undergoes a rigid quality control in road tests. Only then the car is put into mass production. Why are these tests required? What qualities are required of the automobile? The modern automobile must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system, as well as pleasant appearance. Also it must be comfortable and have all conveniences.

 

5. Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3 и 4.

6. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1.What phases does the production of the automobile comprise?

2.What requirements must the automobile meet?

3.Why are cars subjected to road tests?

4.What qualities are required of the automobile?

5.Why is it important for the specialists in automobile industry to know computing methods?

Ответы

a. It must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance.

b. They should be able to develop up-to-date methods of designing cars and shorten the time between designing and manufacturing.

с Because they must meet up-to-date requirements.

d. Designing, working out technological processes, laboratory and road tests, mass production.

e. It must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system.

 

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. The cars are subjected to road tests in order....

a) to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing

b) to meet up-to-date requirements

c) to work out new technological processes

2.The car must have the following units....

3. The car must have the following qualities....

a) high efficiency, long service life, driving safety and pleasant appearance;

b) smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox dependable brakes and steering system.

 

ЗАДАНИЕ №9

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1.body а. тормоза срабатывают

2.car wheels b. силовая передача

3.power train с. главная передача

4.power plant d. коленчатый вал двигателя

5.springs е. нажимать на педаль

6.steering system f. силовая установка

7.clutch g. колеса автомобиля

8.final drive h. рама с осями

9.engine crankshaft i. топливная система

10.push down the pedal j. рулевая система

11.brakes are applied k. сцепление

12.frame with axles 1. вспомогательные устройства

13.fuel system m. система смазки

14.lubricating system n. кузов

15.accessories о. рессоры

 

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

automobile, chassis, speedometer, electric, system, cylinder, cardan, control, hydraulic, pedal, accessories, differential.

 

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

COMPONENTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE

1.Basically, the automobile consists of three parts: the power plant, or the engine, the chassis and the body. To these may be added the accessories: the heater, lights, radio, speedometer and other devices.

2.The power plant or engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

3.The chassis consists of a power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs. The chassis includes brakes and steering system.

4. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive.

5. The clutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by the clutch pedal.

6. Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or stop the car. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, they are applied and the car stops.

 

4.Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 1,3,5 и 6.

5.Подберите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы.

Вопросы

1.What are the main basic parts of the automobile?

2.What does the chassis consist of?

3.What units does the power train contain?

4.What is the function of the clutch?

5.Why are brakes needed?

Ответы

a. The clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft and the final drive.

b. Freeing the engine from the gearbox.

с The power plant, the chassis and the body.

d. A power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs.

e. To slow or stop the car.

 

6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1.The mechanism used for stopping the car is....

2.The mechanism used for changing the speed is....

a) clutch

b) gearbox

c) brakes

 

3. The mechanism used for connecting (or disconnecting) the engine from the gearbox is ....

a) brakes

b) clutch

c) steering system

 

4. The unit carrying the power from the engine to the car wheels is....

a) power plant

b) power train

c) chassis

 

5. The instrument measuring the speed of the car is…

a) heater

b) lights

с) speedometer

 

 

ЗАДАНИЕ №12

 

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1.internal combustion engine а. поршень

2.combustion chamber b. верхняя мертвая точка

3.stroke с. четырехтактный двигатель

4.piston d. коленчатый вал

5.top dead centre е. отверстие клапана

6.bottom dead centre f. двигатель внутреннего сгорания

7.four-stroke cycle engine g. нижняя мертвая точка

8.two-cycle engine h. топливная система

9.crankshaft i. такт впрыска (топлива)

10.intake stroke j. двухтактный двигатель

11.valve opening k. камера сгорания

12.fuel system 1. ход, такт (поршня)

13.power stroke m. выхлоп

14.exhaust n. рабочий ход поршня

 

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

cylinder, automobile, limit, centre, cycle, compression, gas.

 

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

THE ENGINE

1.The engine is the source of power that makes the car move. It is usually called an internal combustion engine because gasoline is burned within its cylinders or combustion chambers. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

The operating cycle of the four-stroke engine that takes place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four strokes. The upper limit of the piston movement is called the top dead centre. The lower limit of piston movement is called the bottom dead centre. A stroke is the piston movement from the top dead centre to the bottom dead centre or from bottom dead centre to the top dead centre. In other words, the piston the completes a stroke each time it changes the direction of its motion.

3.Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four-stroke cycle engine. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust.

4.Two-cycle engines have also been made, and in such engines the entire cycle of events is completed in two strokes or one revolution of the crankshaft.

5.On the intake stroke the intake valve is opened. The mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered into the cylinder through the inlet valve. On the compression stroke the inlet valve is closed so that the mixture can be compressed. On the power stroke both valves (inlet and exhaust) are closed in order to raise pressure during the mixture combustion. On the exhaust stroke the exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the

residual gas.

4.Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 2 и 5.

5.Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1.What is the top dead centre?

2.What is the bottom dead centre?

3.When the engine is called a four-stroke cycle engine?

4.When the engine is called a two-cycle engine?

5.What kind of strokes can the events in the engine cylinder be divided into?

Ответы

a. When the entire cycle of events is completed in two strokes.

b. The lower limit of the piston movement.

с. The upper limit of the piston movement.

d. When the entire cycle of events in the cylinder is completed in four strokes.

e. Intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes.

6.Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. An internal combustion engine is called so because gasoline is burned....

a) inside the combustion chamber

b) outside the combustion chamber

2. The upper limit of the piston movement is called...

3. The lower limit of the piston movement is called....

a) the bottom dead centre

b) the top dead centre

 

4. The four-cycle engine requires....

a) two strokes of piston movement

b) four strokes of piston movement

 

5. The mixture of air and gasoline is delivered into the cylinder....

a) on the power stroke

b) on the exhaust stroke

c) on the intake stroke

d) on the compression stroke