Key words for paraphrase:
Paraphrasing (writing in your own words) Перефразируем тему ЭССЕ в первом абзаце
Успех написания эссе - задания 40 ЕГЭ по английскому языку зависит от того, как экзаменуемый справится с перефразированием проблемы в первом абзаце. Известно, что невыполнение коммуникативной задачи, выраженное в заимствовании лексики, либо копировании всей темы эссе влечет за собой оценивание раздела содержания, как и всей работы, в "0" баллов. Необходимо избегать текстуального совпадения, то есть "дословного совпадения отрезка письменной речи длиной 10 слов и более". Если более 30% ответа имеет непродуктивный характер (т.е. текстуально совпадает с опубликованным источником), то выставляется 0 баллов по критерию «Решение коммуникативной задачи», и, соответственно, все задание оценивается в 0 баллов.
При написании Эссе экзаменуемый не должен повторять одно и то же слово чаще 2 раз за абзац. Для этого необходимо заранее выучить синонимы и запомнить, что английские синонимы передают разные оттенки смысла и разный накал эмоций. Не забывайте о том, что чем больше синонимов вы используете, тем лучше звучит ваше предложение. Знание синонимов на английском языке также поможет подобрать подходящее слово для каждой отдельной ситуации и эмоциональной окраски.
Эффективный перифраз включает в себя несколько способов перефразирования:
использование синонимов, антонимов, фраз и слов (попробуйте заменить большинство слов). Используйте слова с одинаковым значением, а не с похожим значением; изменяя порядок слов; изменяя форму слова; изменяя активный залог на пассивный или пассивный залог на активный; изменяя структуру предложения и используя разные соединительные слова.
Заказывайте пособие «Перефразируем тему ЭССЕ» 180 образцов перифраза и огромный перечень синонимов на 150 страницах. https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: [email protected] Примеры перефразирования : Example: Original: It is better for children to play games outside and take part in traditional pastimes. Paraphrase: It would be far more beneficial for youngsters to dedicate their time to more conventional leisure activities, whether it be participating in sports or reading books.
*Synonyms better –> beneficial
Example: Original: Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and martial arts, should be banned from TV. Paraphrase:Certain people believe that violent sports, for example, martial arts and boxing, should not be shown on TV.
*Synonyms 1. some people think –> certain people believe (некоторые люди верят)
Example: Original: Many people think that cars should not be allowed in city centres. Paraphrase: Many people believe that motor vehicles should be banned in urban areas. / The city’s present problems arise from the increasing number of cars in the streets. Нынешние проблемы города возникают из-за растущего числа автомобилей на улицах. *Synonyms think –> believe cars –> motor vehicles should not be allowed –> should be banned city centres –> urban areas Example: Original: People living in large cities today face many problems in their everyday life. Paraphrase: In recent years, there have been a number of everyday problems that people in big cities have to cope with. Example: Original: Science and technology have helped the world make many advances. Paraphrase: Societies have developed rapidly over time thanks to the many advances in science and technology.
Example: Original: Many schools require their students to wear uniforms. Paraphrase: Students are required to wear uniforms in many schools.
Example: Original: The only way to improve safety on our roads is to give much stricter punishments for driving offences. Paraphrase: The effective way to protect people from committing road offenses is imposing (облагать) stricter penalties for traffic crimes.
Example: Original: Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not local people. - Paraphrase: Nowadays, travelers instead of local residents often visit museums and historical areas. Example: Original: It is easy to live without the Internet. Paraphrase: It is not difficult to stay without the global network.
Example: Original: An interesting job is better than the job with a high salary. Paraphrase: An exciting job is better than a highly paid job.
Example: Original: Volunteering is essential for teenagers. Paraphrase: Volunteering is completely necessary for adolescents.
Example: Original: People who live in big cities face a number of problems in their daily life. Paraphrase: People residing in large urban areas have to deal with a lot of issues in their day to day lives. Paraphrase: There are a number of issues that people living in cities have to cope with in their everyday lives.
Example: Original: A university degree is a must for success in the modern world. Paraphrase: Many prestigious positions can be occupied only by professionals with a university degree.
Example: Original: Many young people go to study at university. Paraphrase: For many students a university is a place where they can develop their specific interests /can gain professional knowledge.
Key words for paraphrase:
v as quickly as = as soon as v are especially interested in = that particularly interest us v are more significant than others = may be the most important v a number of categories = various types of ... v the variety of = an enormous range of v different age groups = age ranges возрастные диапазоны/группы v looked after = took care of v comparison between = … ЗАКАЗЫВАЙТЕ ! v the recent studies of ... = v develop = v real = v die out = v at risk of dying out = v reduction in numbers = v analysed = v the impact … on the = v research = v harmful to animals = v focused on = have looked at v visiting animals in zoos = v live longer = v some species in zoos = v studying animals in zoos = v people who are involved with conservation projects = v raise animals = v school = v children with good self-control = v be the best way for children to learn = v can play with a child = v of their game = v activities = v gives children = v certain elements of play = v all forms of play = v have fun = v will be useful = v in the development of = v to influence = v based on = v differ from отличаться от = v investigate = v is goal oriented = v can be divided into = v can be classified = v it is a mistake = v a researcher = v experience in опыт в = v experience in job field - опыт работы в сфере труда v the same possibilities to be open to everyone = v no section of society should have preferential treatment = v gain benefits = v are using = v variation in intelligence = v on the basis of what they actually achieve = v begins at birth = people are born v be in position of power власти = v develop the same abilities = v people of low intelligence = v lead uncontrolled lives = v benefit wildlife = v for a period = v a reason why = v visited = v gave up = v focus on = v taking photographs of scenery = v took up considerable time заняло значительное время = v heavy = v souvenirs travelling = v took many trips = v is linked to = v prestige = v comparison сравнение = v the large increase in use = v in the air = v bad air = toxic air v as often as = v for protection against = v complaints = v the impact of a certain approach влияние определенного подхода = v is in fact incorrect = v evidence = v a certain approach = order определенный подход = порядок v more disadvantages than advantages = v are currently impossible в настоящее время невозможно = v appeals to призывы к = v being organised = v many people = v are less likely to change jobs staff = v workplace = v an improvement in working conditions and job security makes staff satisfied with their jobs v is encouraged = v feel = v to aim at order стремиться к порядку = v without really consider = v innovation = v is most successful наиболее успешный = v if the people involved = enable everyone involved v the main environmental problem of our time is… = v environmental issues are more vital = v residents who use public transport = v has been moving = v when he was younger =
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