TEXT 11. ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF PETROLEUM

A number of reports presented at the 8th World Petroleum Congress dealt with microbiological processing of petroleum for thepurpose of obtaining protein-rich microbial biomass. Since then significant advances have been made in this field. Industrial production of fodder yeasts from purified liquid n-paraffins has been started in a number of countries.

The importance of this development lies in the expansion of protein resources for humanity. But more important yet is the practical realization of the first step to the production of principally new fodder product - hydrocarbon yeasts.

It seems beyond argument that humanity enters a new epoch of various usage of microorganisms, first of all, in fodder and food production. Petrol hydrocarbons – as a new source of energy for biosynthesis – make a turning point of tremendous importance in the life of humanity.

Microbiological processing of oil products and their derivatives into single-cell protein is discussed. Special attention is directed both to the principles of technology providing the high nutritious value and harmlessness of the product and to the definition of their fields of application (technical, feed, food). The microorganism applications of deparaffinization of gas oils, oil-distillates, lubricants and for the production of pharmaceutical and other preparations from hydrocarbons are analyzed.

The problem of oil-products protection against microbiological corrosion and investigations of microbiological protection of the environment against pollution by oil products are discussed in the below articles.

Notes on the text:

1. fodder yeasts – кормовые дрожжи

2. beyond argument – бесспорно

3. derivatives – производные

4. nutritious value – питательность

5. harmlessness - полезность

6. lubricants – смазочные масла

Задания к тексту:

Прочтите текст. Скажите, соответствует ли данный заголовок содержанию текста. Обоснуйте свой ответ.

2) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

ряд докладов, микробиологическая переработка, с целью получения, значительные успехи, очищенные жидкие н-парафины, углеводородные дрожжи, одноклеточный белок, особое внимание, область применения, защита окружающей среды от загрязнения.

3) Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. За последние годы достигнуты значительные успехи в области микробиологической переработки нефти с целью получения микробиологической биомассы богатой белком.

2. В ряде стран началось промышленное производство кормовых дрожжей из очищенных жидких н-парафинов.

3. Человечество вступает в новую эпоху различного использования микроорганизмов.

4. Нефтяные углеводороды – это новые источники для биосинтеза.

5. В данной статье будет рассматриваться микробиологическая переработка нефтяных продуктов и их производных в одноклеточный белок. 

6. Особое внимание было уделено принципам технологии, обеспечивающим высокую питательность продукта.

4) Ответьте на следующие вопросы :

1. Did reports presented at the World Petroleum Congress deal with microbiological processing of petroleum? 

2. What has been started in a number of countries?

3. Does humanity enter a new epoch of various usage of microorganisms?

4. Is microbiological processing of oil products and their derivatives into single-cell protein discussed here?

5. Why must you pay attention to the principles of technology?

6. Microbiologists will discuss the problem of oil-products protection against microbiological corrosion, won't they?

5) Перескажите текст по плану :

1. The purpose of microbiological processing of petroleum.

2. The importance of industrial production of fodder yeasts from purified liquid n-paraffins.

3. Petrol hydrocarbons.

4. The problems discussed in the article.

TEXT 12.

Protein from oil is a concentrate of vitamins, microelements, enzymes and other biologically active substances. That is why a comparatively small addition of microbial protein increases the nutritive properties of feeds for farm animals and poultry, and augments the output of agricultural products.

The amino-acid composition of yeasts grown on oil hydrocarbons is similar to that of the protein in the meat of domestic animals, poultry and fish, and is considerably superior to the vegetable proteins which lack three essential amino-acids – lysine, methionic acid and tryptophan. There was a time when oil was used exclusively as firing. Then it became a material for the manufacture of fuel and plastics. Has the time come when we should regard oil as a source of food?

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Переведите письменно первое предложение 2-го абзаца.

Проверьте по словарю значения следующих слов и составьте с ними предложения:

poultry, augment, output, lack, exclusively.

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