The Phillips Collection

Phillips Collection is an art museum <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_museum> founded by Duncan Phillips <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Phillips_(art_collector)> in 1921 as the Phillips Memorial Gallery located in the Dupont Circle <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dupont_Circle> neighborhood ofWashington, D.C. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.> Phillips was the grandson of James H. Laughlin <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Laughlin>, a banker and co-founder of the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones_and_Laughlin_Steel_Company>.the artists represented in the collection are Pierre-Auguste Renoir <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir>, Gustave Courbet <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Courbet>, El Greco <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Greco>, Georges Braque <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Braque>, Paul Klee <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee>, Winslow Homer <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winslow_Homer>, James McNeill Whistler <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler>, Augustus Vincent Tack <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Vincent_Tack>, and Mark Rothko <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rothko>.Phillips Collection, opened in 1921, is America’s first museum of modern art <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art>. Featuring a permanent collection of nearly 3,000 works by American and European impressionist and modern artists, the Phillips is recognized for both its art and its intimate atmosphere. It is housed in founder Duncan Phillips’ 1897 Georgian <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_architecture> Revival home and two similarly scaled additions in Washington, D.C.’s Dupont Circle <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dupont_Circle> neighborhood.museum is noted for its broad representation of both impressionist <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism> and modern paintings, with works by European masters such as Gustave Courbet <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Courbet>, Pierre Bonnard <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard>,Georges Braque <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Braque>, Jacques Villon <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Villon>, Paul Cézanne, Honorй Daumier <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier>, Edgar Degas <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Degas>, Vincent van Gogh <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh>, Paul Klee <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee>, Henri Matisse <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Matisse>, Claude Monet <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Monet>, and Pablo Picasso <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso>. In 1923, Phillips purchased Pierre-Auguste Renoir <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir>'s impressionist painting, Luncheon of the Boating Party <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luncheon_of_the_Boating_Party> (1880-81), the museum’s best-known work. the 1920s to the 1960s, Phillips would re-hang his galleries in installations that were non-chronological and non-traditional, reflecting the relationships he saw between various artistic expressions. He presented visual connections-between past and present, between classical form and romantic expression-as dialogues on the walls of the museum. Giving equal focus to American and European artists, Phillips juxtaposed works by Winslow Homer <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winslow_Homer>, Thomas Eakins <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Eakins>, Maurice Prendergast <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Prendergast>, James Abbott McNeill Whistler <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Abbott_McNeill_Whistler>, and Albert Pinkham Ryder <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pinkham_Ryder> with canvases by Pierre Bonnard <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard>, Peter Ilsted <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Ilsted> and Edouard Vuillard <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edouard_Vuillard>. He exhibited watercolors by John Marin <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marin> with paintings by Cézanne, and works by van Gogh <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh> with El Greco’s The Repentant St. Peter (circa 1600-05). Phillips’ vision brought together "congenial spirits among the artists," and his ideas still guide the museum today.Phillips Collection is also known for its groups of works by artists who Phillips particularly favored. For example, he was overwhelmed by Bonnard’s expressive use of color, acquiring 17 paintings by the artist. Cubist pioneer Braque is represented by 13 paintings, including the monumental still-life The Round Table (1929). The collection has an equal number of works by Klee, such as Arab Song (1932) and Picture Album (1937), as well as seven pieces by abstract expressionist artist Mark Rothko <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rothko>. The Rothko Room, the first public space dedicated solely to the artist’s work, was designed by Phillips in keeping with Rothko’s expressed preference for exhibiting his large, luminous paintings in a small, intimate space, saturating the room with color and sensation [7, p. 155-157].his lifetime, Phillips acquired paintings by many artists who were not fully recognized at the time, among them Marin, Georgia O'Keeffe <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe>, Arthur Dove <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Dove>, Nicolas de Staлl <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_de_Sta%C3%ABl>,Milton Avery <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Avery> and Augustus Vincent Tack <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Vincent_Tack>. By purchasing works by such promising but unknown artists, Phillips provided them with the means to continue painting. He formed close bonds with and subsidized several artists who are prominently featured in the collection-Dove and Marin in particular-and consistently purchased works by artists and students for what he called his "encouragement collection." The museum also served as a visual haven for artists such as Richard Diebenkorn <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Diebenkorn>, Gene Davis <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Davis>, and Kenneth Noland <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Noland>. In a 1982 tribute to the museum, Noland acknowledged, "I’ve spent many hours of many days in this home of art. You can be with art in the Phillips as in no other place I know."Duncan Phillips died in 1966, Marjorie succeeded him as museum director. Their son, Laughlin, became director in 1972. He led The Phillips Collection through a multi-year program to ensure the physical and financial security of the collection, renovate and enlarge the museum buildings, expand and professionalize the staff, conduct research on the collection, and make the Phillips more accessible to the public. In 1992, Charles S. Moffett, a noted author and curator, was named director. Moffett was directly involved with the presentation of several ambitious exhibitions during his six-year tenure, including the memorable "Impressionists on the Seine: A Celebration of Renoir’s Luncheon of the Boating Party" in 1996.Gates became director in 1998. Under his leadership, The Phillips Collection continued to grow and broaden its presence in Washington, D.C., across the country, and internationally. Dorothy M. Kosinski, previously a curator at the Dallas Museum of Art <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Museum_of_Art>, took over as director in May 2008 [12, p.395].

CONCLUSION

art has gone through all sorts of difficulties such as wars and revolutions that has affected on its development. Gradually there were various genres, styles and trends in American art.course work sought to provide an accurate and systematic description of American art. In the course work the main stages in development of painting in the US, the major genres of painting, the most famous museums and art galleries have been examined. The work has shown the most important periods in the development of American art, affects of various events in the country on it, the main genres of painting and its main representatives such as John Singleton Copley, Winslow Homer and James Peale.we knew about the most famous museums such as Museum of Modern Art, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Museum of Natural History which contain many valuable exhibits and are very interesting for tourists.up the results of the research we should note that American art has made a huge contribution to the development of the world art. Its artists, paintings, galleries, museums embody all the beauty and sublimity of American culture.

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