This – These / That – Those

Оглавление

 

Введение……………………………………………………... Part I………………………………………………………..   The Verb “to be”…………………………………................... The Noun……………………………………………………... This-These/That-Those…………………................................. The Pronoun………………………………………………….. The Possessive Сase………………………………………….. The Degrees of Comparison………………………………….. Some, Any, No……………………………………………….. Much, many, (a) little, (a) few……………………………….. There is / There are………………………………………….... The Present Simple…………………………………………… The Past Simple………………………………………………. The Future Simple……………………………………………. The Present Continuous………………………………………. To be going to…………………………… …………………... The Past Continuous………………………………………….. The Future Continuous……………………………………….. The Present Perfect…………………………………………… The Past Perfect………………………………………………. The Future Perfect……………………………………………. The Present Perfect Continuous………………………………. The Past Perfect Continuous………………………………….. The Future Perfect Continuous………………………………..   Part II………………………………………………………… The Revision Box……………………………………………... Заключение……………………………………………………

 

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с Государственным образовательным стандартом и рабочей программой по курсу обучения и предназначено для студентов 1-го курса всех специальностей очного и заочного отделения. Студенты, изучающие английский язык как второй иностранный, также могут пользоваться данным пособием для повторения и закрепления грамматических форм, а также для самостоятельного изучения.

Пособие состоит из 2-х частей:

Первая часть включает упражнения по основным разделам английского языка в соответствии с рабочей программой по курсу обучения и согласно заданиям контрольных работ для студентов заочного отделения. Материал включает грамматические конструкции, которые необходимы для адекватного понимания при работе над аутентичными текстами по специальности.

В системе упражнений довольно большое место отводится тренировочным упражнениям, в которых делается акцент на овладение основными грамматическими явлениями.

Вторая часть включает тесты по различным аспектам грамматики, которые помогут студентам самостоятельно оценить уровень усвоенного материала.

1. The Verb “to be”

1.1. Learn the following colloquial phrases with to be.

 

to be present (absent) to be glad to be busy with to be ready for to be mistaken to be sure to be over to be right (wrong) to be in (out) to be well (ill) to be in time to be late for to be afraid of to be pleased with to be satisfied with to be fond of to be keen on to be good (poor) at to be interested in to be popular with to be proud of to be upset

to be single to be in love with to be engaged with to be married to to be divorced with to be a teacher by education to be a poet by nature to be the heart of the family to be strong both in body and character to be in good terms with to be the apple of one’s eye. to be full of joy to be crazy about to be in good mood to be awfully naughty to be jealous of to be on a pension to be angry with to be tired (thirsty, hungry) to be at home (school, work) to be cold (warm)

1.2 Fill in the correct form (am, is, are) of the verb to be in the Present Simple.

 

1. The bat … in the box. 2. This bag … heavy. 3. My brother and I … good tennis players. 4. I … a taxi driver. My sister … a nurse. 5. Those cars … red. 6. Nick … my good friend. 7. What … you? I … a sociologist. 8. How old … your brother? He … 21. 9. … your aunt a doctor? – Yes, she … 10. … they at home? – No, they … not at home, they … at work. 11. She has some beautiful pictures, they … on the wall. 12. Lizzie … no good at all at housework. 13. I very busy with my report today. 14. What… you fond of ? My hobby … drawing. 15. It … difficult to find a job now, … it?

1.3. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.

 

1. Bob is a famous football player. 2. Your daughters are schoolchildren. 3. My sister is very tall. 4. I am a journalist by education. 5. Your keys are on the table. 6. My favorite color is blue. 7. His favorite sports are football and swimming. 8. It is warm today. 9. He is glad to meet them. 10. The days are rainy in October. 11. His sister is 18 years old. 12. You are late today. 13. Margaret is a lovely little girl with golden hair. 14. She is fond of studying. 15. My sister is an apple of our father’s eye. 16. We are very glad to be here. 17. They are keen on sports.

 

1.4. Write full sentences. Use is(isn’t), are (aren’t).

 

Pattern: Your shoes / very dirty – Your shoes are very dirty.

1. My brother / a lawyer. 2. This house / not very big. 3. The shops / not open today. 4. My keys / in my bag. 5. Jenny / 18 years old. 7. You / not very tall.

 

1.5. Write true sentences: positive or negative. Use forms of to be.

 

Pattern: I / interested in politics – I am interested in politics or I am not

interested in politics.

1. I / hungry. 2. It / warm today. 3. My friend / afraid of dogs. 4. My hands / cold. 5. Rome / in Spain. 6. Diamonds / cheap. 7. My father / a doctor by education. 8. My friends / keen on sports. 9. I / very tall. 10. The shops / open today. 11. My keys / in my bag.

 

1.6. Make up true sentences about your family using the colloquial phrases.

 

1.7. Ask questions to the following sentences beginning with the words in the brackets.

 

1. My parents are at home (Where?). 2. Joe is 35 (How old …?). 3. I am angry (Why?). 4. My car is red (What colour …?). 5. My brother is ill (How?). 6. My favourite sports is swimming (What?) 7. My sister is a second-year student at the Institute (What? Who?) 8. They are free on Sunday. 9. The lessons are over at 2 o’clock in the afternoon. 10. She is always happy and full of joy (Why? Who?). 11. We are in good mood today. (When? Why? Who?)

 

1.8. Translate into English.

 

1.Моя мама учитель по образованию, а папа бизнесмен. 2. Это мой старший брат, он студент университета, он очень занят. 3. Их дочери 14 лет. Она увлекается музыкой и танцами. 4. Мой двоюродный брат – доктор. 5. Ты женат или разведен? – Я женат на Мэри. 6. Наш дед очень старый, ему 89 лет. 7. Чем занимается их дочь? – Она секретарь в офисе. 8. Ты замерзла? – Нет, я очень устала и я голодна, и хочу пить. 9. Твоя сестра дома или в школе? – Она дома, она очень занята. 10. Я не интересуюсь политикой, я увлечен спортом. Я люблю футбол и баскетбол. 11. Чья это ручка? – Это моя ручка. 12.Чья это сумка? – Это моя сумка. 13. Наша мама – сердце семьи. А я ее любимица. 14. Я на тебя больше не злюсь. И я очень доволен твоим докладом по философии. 15. Мои родители разведены, но они в очень хороших отношениях друг с другом. 16. Я расстроен. Моего друга нет дома. 17. Где ты? - Я на работе. А вот наш босс опаздывает. 18. Эта книга не популярна среди читателей. 19. У тебя все в порядке? – Нет, я устал и мне кажется я болею.

 

1.9 Fill in the correct form of the verb to be in the Past Simple or the Future Simple.

 

1. He … a pupil 20 years ago. 2. I … a doctor when I grow up. 3. My sister … not … at home tomorrow. 4. … your father at work yesterday? 5. Yesterday we … at the theatre. 6. Where … you yesterday? – I … at the cinema. 7. I … not be busy tomorrow. 8. He … hungry yesterday, what’s why he … upset. 9. My friend … ill last week. 10. He … sure his family … ready for going to the country. 11. Last year Mary … single, now she is in love with some young man, and I think she … married next year. 12. Yesterday the exam … over, and we … glad to leave the classroom and have a lot of fun. Most of all we … satisfied with our excellent marks. 13. When I come home tomorrow, all my family … at home. 14. When my granny … young, she … an actress, and she…very popular with the audience.

 

 

1.10 Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

 

1. Kevin and Mel were at my party last night. 2. It was warm and sunny yesterday. 3. Our teacher will be pleased with our work. 4. He was fond of reading adventure stories in his childhood. 5. The cinema will be open on Sunday. 6. Carol was awfully naughty when she was a five-year-old girl. 7. I will be tired if you talk nonsense all the time. 8. Tomorrow I will be at home in time. 9. Jack was out when his friends came to see him. 10. This book will be devoted to a well-known writer.

 

1.11. Translate the sentences using the verb to be in the Past Simple or the Future Simple.

 

1. Мы не были на юге прошлым летом. 2. Ты будешь лётчиком? – Нет, я буду моряком. 3. Моя мама вчера не была на работе. Она была дома, т.к. она болела. 4. Он был расстроен, потому что его мама злилась на него. 5. Мэри была актрисой по природе, но доктором по образованию. Всегда была радостной, в хорошем настроении, поэтому она была очень популярна среди друзей. 6. Он ошибся. К удивлению, Ник был на работе во время. Обычно он опаздывал на работу на две или три минуты. 7. Ты расстроишься, если мы опоздаем? 8. Я боюсь тебе не понравится мой подарок. 9. Почему ты так злилась вчера на своего мужа? - Он устал и был в плохом настроении. 10. Уверен, я буду в плохих отношениях с этим занудным старикашкой. 11. Завтра мой дедушка будет дома. Два года назад он ещё увлекался спортом, и любил кататься на лыжах зимой. 12. Я любил ходить в кино в юности.

The Noun

Countable Nouns

 

2.1. Give the plural of the following nouns.

 

A leaf, a child, a man, a mouse, a jacket, a tooth, a lady, a sheep, a piano, a blouse, a lamp, a box, a hero, a page, a library, a book, a glass, a company, a wife, a deer, an ox, a shelf, a knife, a country, a sofa, a match, a bench, a fly, a snake, a toy, a play, a table, a dress, a mirror, a cow, a school-mate, a school-teacher, an air-raid, a hold-all, a forget-me-not, a brother-in-law, a passer-by, a postman, a man-of-war, a merry-go-round.

 

2.2. Give the plural form of the words underlined.

 

Pattern: I met a man at the meeting last night – I met some men at the

meeting last night.

 

1. I saw a mouse running across the floor. 2. The baby got a new tooth. 3. I need a match. 4. He cooked a potato for dinner. 5. I visited a city in the Ukraine. 6. She photographed a leaf. 7. I caught a fish. 8. I saw a sheep in the farmyard. 9. She talked to a child. 10. When I was in the park yesterday, I saw a goose. 11. He packed a box. 12. The wagon is being pulled by an ox. 13. The children hid behind the bush. 14. I told the child a fable about a wolf and a fox.

 

Uncountable Nouns

a) as for uncountable nouns some of them are always singular and some are plural.

 

English Singular Invariable Nouns	English Plural Invariable Nouns
Advice money news progress ink	yeast fruit cream	clothes contents odds greens people	sweepings stairs earnings wages

 

 

b) such uncountable English Nouns as news, advice, information work, weather, money, success, progress:

1) can’t take the Indefinite article;

2) agree with the verb only in the singular.

 

 

For example: The weather is fine today.

It’s good advice.

Your progress makes me happy.

The news was shocking.

c) partition is shown with the help of such words as slice, piece, bar, lump, block, item, article, grain:

 

a piece of chalk a grain of rice a bar of chocolate a block of ice an item of news an article of furniture

2 pieces of chalk 3 bars of chocolate a lot of blocks of ice a lot of items of news many grains of rice many articles of furniture

 

2.3. Correct the mistakes.

 

1. The news he gave them were interesting. 2. I can give you two good advices. Will you bring three chalks? 3. The mice has eaten ten rices. 4. Your foot are so dirty. Go and wash them. 5. I’d like two sugars for my tea. 6. They have got modern furnitures. 7. Give me two slice of bread. 8. How many chocolate have you bought?

 

This – These / That – Those

3.1. Make these negative and interrogative.

 

1. This is a motor-car. 2. This is a cat. 3. Those are kings. 4. These words are easy. 5. That is a bad egg. 6. The dog is under the table. 7. The train is in the station. 8. The cigarette is on the table. 9. That is a door. 10. Those are flowers. 11. This shoe is too large for my foot. 12. This key is made of steel.

 

3.2. Make the plural.

 

Pattern: This is a king – These are kings.

 

1. This is a star. 2. This is a boy. 3. That is a mountain. 4. Is this a shilling? 5. Is this a man? 6. Is that a train? 7. That is not an aeroplane. 8. Is the window open? 9. That is not a queen. 10. This isn’t a star. 11. That goose is big. 12. That girl is my niece. 13. A potato is a vegetable and a cherry is a fruit. 14. Is this boy near the window? 15. It is a sheep. 16. It that a flower?

 

3.3. Put into the Singular.

 

1. These are difficult sentences. 2. The flowers are yellow. 3. You are future specialists. 4. The children are at school. 5. They are in the garden. 6. Those boys are good friends. 7. These are pencils. 8. These are my stockings. 9. Those women are engineers. 10 These tea-cups are yellow. 11. Are these mice white? 12. These are not pens, they are not in the box.

 

3.4. Fill in the gaps with this, that, these or those.

 

1…. car over there belongs to the mayor. 2 … people over there are waiting for the bus. 3. We are moving house … month. 4. … diamond earrings here are priceless. 5. I’ve got a new job. - …’s wonderful news. 6. « Mum, … is my teacher, Miss Jones». 7. … are my holiday photos. 8. « Hello, … is Jack Black speaking». 9. … house here was built in 1500. 10. The day I got married was wonderful. I will remember … day for ever. 11. I had a wonderful childhood. We did things differently in … days. 12. «Hello, this is Alan. Who’s …, please?

The Pronoun.

 

4.1. Use personal pronouns.

 

1. … am English. 2. I have 2 books. … are good. 3. The book is not yellow … is grey. 4. Are … a student? 5. You and I are Russians, … are English. 6. … are students. Our Institute is not far from the centre of the city.

 

4.2. Use the appropriate form of the possessive pronoun.

 

1. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have 2 children…. children are boys. 2. Miss Smith is a teacher. … students are German. 3. We are French. … friends are English. 4. You are in Bristol but … family is in York. 5. I have a small cat. … cat is very funny. 6. My daughter has a dog. … nose is long. 7. My friends have a new car. … car is very nice. 8. Mary has a new bag. … bag is very big. 9. My brother has crashed … car. 10. My aunt left … bag here when she visited us this morning. 11. Everyone brings … own lunch to work. 12. Someone called for you today, but they didn’t leave … name.

 

4.3. Choose the correct form of the possessive pronouns in the

brackets.

 

1. This is (my, mine) bag. 2. This bag is (my, mine). 3. Is (her, hers) family large or small? 4. (Her, hers) hats are better than (your, yours). 5. Whose hat is this? – It’s (my, mine). 6. Is he a friend of (your, yours)? 7. Don’t stay at (their, theirs) house, stay at (our, ours). 8. She is in bed in (her, hers) room. 9. (My, mine) pen won’t write, please give me (your, yours). 10. She’s an old friend of (my, mine). 11. Is this dictionary (my, mine) or (your, yours)? 12. (Her, hers) is the best composition. 13. I went (my, mine) way, and she went (her, hers). 14. He left (her, hers) with (their, theirs) child. 15. What was this experiment of (your, yours)? 16. The Minister’s room was only two doors from (my, mine). 17. That thought is not (my, mine). 18. Where’s (your, yours) seat? I shall go to (my, mine). 19. Mind (your, yours) own business and I’ll mind (my, mine). 20. (Your, yours) nerves are as bad as (my, mine). 21. His eyes were as bright as (her, hers). 22. After all, this is (your, yours) home just as much as (my, mine).

 

4.4. Translate into English using personal or possessive pronouns in the appropriate form.

 

1. Дай мне на минутку твой словарь. 2. Скажи это ему, а не мне.

Где она? Я ее не вижу. 3. Доктор Блэк его приятель. 4. Что с ней?- Она больна. 5. Это не моя тетрадь. Моя в синей обложке. 6. Ей сегодня лучше. Скажи об этом доктору. 7. Я хочу поговорить с ней. 8. Возьми этот цветок и передай его Бетти. 9. Не спрашивайте нас, спросите их. 10. Не садитесь на этот стул, у него сломана ножка. 11. Моя комната больше, чем ваша. 12. Он сын моего старого друга. 13. Его английский звучал хорошо. 14. Мы сегодня поедем на машине к нашему брату? – На твоей машине или на моей? 15. Его дядя был доктором - И мой тоже.

 

The Possessive Case

 

5.1. What is another way of saying these things? Use-‘s.

 

A) Pattern: A hat for a woman – A woman’s hat.

1. A name for a boy. 2. Clothes for children. 3. A school for girls. 4. A nest

for a bird. 5. A magazine for women. 6. A dress for my mother. 7. A newspaper for his Dad. 8. Books for the students.

B) Pattern: A cat of my sister – My sister’s cat.

 

1. A toy of a baby. 2. Necessities of children. 3. A carpet of my mother. 4. A country house of my grandparents. 5. The study of my brother. 6. The coats of Sally and Jane. 7. The CD of my sisters. 8. The books of the students. 9. The shoe of the child. 10. The money of his wife. 11. The dress of her daughter.

 

5.2. Paraphrase the sentences using the Possessive Case.

 

1. His eyes avoided the eyes of Andrew. 2. It was her job, not the job of an old lady. 3. After breakfast he went off to the house of Ann. 4. You must come to the house of my father. 5. They met me at the house of Timothy. 6. The plays of Shakespeare are very popular in our country. 7. The house of my daughter-in-law is far from here. 8. The cheeks of the secretary continued to brighten. 9. The toys of the children are in the box.

 

5.3. Translate into Russian.

 

A baker’s, a butcher’s, a florist’s, a pastry-cook’s, a confectioner’s, a chemist’s, a tobacconist’s.

 

 

5.4. Join the two (or) nouns. Sometimes you have to use –‘s

or –s’. Sometimes you have to use … of … .

 

Pattern: the door / the room - the door of the room

the mother / Ann - Ann’s mother.

 

1. The camera / Tom. 2. The eyes / cat. 3. The top / page. 4. The daughter / Charles. 5. The newspaper / today. 6. The toys / children. 7. The name / your wife. 8. The children / Don and Mary. 9. The car / Mike’s parents. 10. The new manager / the company. 11. The ground floor / the building. 12. The Prime Minister / England. 13. The end / the road. 14. The owner / the building.

 

5.5. Translate the following phrases using the preposition of

 

Инженеры этого завода, страницы той книги, комнаты моей квартиры, экономисты нашего министерства, кухня их квартиры, студенты этого института, девочки нашей школы, цвет машины, текст шестого урока, сын моего друга, сыновья моих друзей, книга нашего преподавателя, книги нашего преподавателя, друг моей сестры, друзья моей сестры, друг моих родителей, друзья моих родителей, словарь этого студента, словари этих студентов, семья Феликса, имя врага.

 

5.6. Translate from Russian into English.

 

1. Книга моего сына на письменном столе. 2. Чья это машина? – Это машина Майка. 3. Питер и Энн – дети моего лучшего друга. 4. Какого цвета портфель вашей дочери? – Её портфель черный. 5. Сколько лет сыну этого инженера? – Ему 10 лет. 6. Квартира наших друзей большая и хорошая. 7. Часы дочери на письменном столе. 8. Расскажи мне о детях вашего друга. 9. Я очень люблю пьесы Шекспира и Шоу. 10. Это случилось несколько недель спустя после возвращения матери и сестры. 11. Давай зайдём в кондитерскую. 12. Они ушли в аптеку и ещё не возвратились. 13. Мы найдём его у Бартона. 14. Я собираюсь обедать у Мэри. 15. Она одна из двоюродных сестёр дяди Тома. 16. Это одна из любимых книг моей мамы. 17. Не люблю я эту новую приятельницу Анны. 18. Отец Элизы и Тома – известный учёный. 19. Глаза доктора встретились с глазами старика. 20. Он подошел рассматривая лицо сестры.

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