The financial mechanism: components, legal, normative and a supply with information

In system of economic methods of production management the important place belongs to cost categories, including the finance and the credit. The finance are a system of the economic mutual relations formed and used money resources during manufacture.

The financial system of Republic Kazakhstan includes:

· Public finances of the republican budget;

· Public finances of local budgets;

· Finance of the enterprises.

At a level of the republican finance development and movement (receipt and the charge) the finance on what efficiency of republican economic policy depends, including and enterprises is carried out.

The profitable part consists from: tax revenues; неналоговых, incomes of operations with the capital; the incomes received from official transfers; repayments of the basic debts under the credits earlier given out from the budget; charges on crediting.

The account part consists from: the state services of republic of the general character; a defence cost, preservation of a public order and safety; expenses for formation, for public health services; on the social help and social security; on information space, on fish, rural, water, a forestry and preservation of the environment, on the industry, power, construction, transport and communication, service of a duty, other.

That the enterprise could carry out economic activities, presence of corresponding financial maintenance is necessary. One of the basic sources of financial resources is the initial capital which is formed of contributions of founders of the enterprise and takes the form of the authorized capital.

The initial capital invested in manufacture, creates the cost expressed in the price of realized production. After realization of production it accepts the monetary form-proceeds.

However the proceeds are yet the income though is a source of compensation of the means spent for production and formations, monetary funds and financial reserves of the enterprise. During use the proceeds share on two parts.

One of them goes on formation of a sinking fund. It is formed in the form of depreciation charges after deterioration of the basic production assets and non-material actives will accept the monetary form. An obligatory condition of formation of a sinking fund is sale of the made goods to the consumer and receipt of proceeds.

Creating the goods, the enterprise spends raw material, materials, etc. Their cost, alongside with other material inputs, deterioration the basic production assets, the salary of workers, becomes covered by the second part of proceeds and makes the costs of the enterprise which are taking the form of the cost price. Before receipt of proceeds these costs are financed due to turnaround means of the enterprise which are not spent, advanced in manufacture. After receipt of proceeds from sale of goods turnaround means are restored, and the costs suffered by the enterprise on production are compensated. The sense of investment of means in production consists in reception of the net profit and if the proceeds are more the than cost price the enterprise receives it in the form of profit.

The profit received by the enterprise does not remain completely at its order: its part in the form of taxes acts in the budget.

The profit remaining at the disposal of the enterprise, is the main source of financing of its needs which can be defined as accumulation and consumption.

The means directed on accumulation (depreciation charges and a part of profit), make the monetary resources of the enterprise used on its industrial and scientific and technical development. On this basis there is a formation of financial actives - purchase of securities, shares of participation in other enterprises, etc. Other part of profit goes on social development of the enterprise, including on consumption.

Except for own means, the enterprise involves extra financial resources, long-term credits of bank, means of other enterprises, bonded loans. A source of return of extra means is the profit of the enterprise.

In actives of balance economic means on their functional role during manufacture are grouped in following sections:

· The basic means and investments;

· Stocks and expenses;

· Money resources, calculations and other actives.

In a passive of means of the enterprise on sources of their formation and a special-purpose designation are grouped in following sections:

· Sources of own means;

· Credits and other extra means;

· Calculations and other passives.

It is possible to consider a financial position of the enterprise steady if it covers with own means not less than 50 % of the financial resources necessary for realization of economic activities, effectively and purposefully uses financial resources, observing financial, credit and settlement discipline, i.e. is solvent.

Has developed: ______________ Altaieva Gulzhahan Serikbaevna

Manager faculty: ______________ Doctor of Econ., professor Ertaev K.E.