Use task 2 as a plan and retell the texts

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Практическая работа № 14.

Carburetor

1. Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents:

1. gas burner 2. volatile 3. carburetor 4. nozzle 5. the engine inlet 6. jet of fuel 7. droplet 8. air intake tube

a. летучий b. газовая горелка c. капля d. жиклёр, форсунка e. карбюратор f. впуск двигателя g. воздушная впускная камера h. струя топлива

Answer:1-____,2-____,3-____,4-____,5-____,6-____, 7-____,8-____

 

2. Translate international words:gas, ordinary, regulate, proportion, temperature, alcohol, gasoline, kerosene, carburetor, center, minute.

3. Choose the right answer:

1. If the fuel is a volatile liquid like …, it may mixed with the air in a carburetor.

a. gas b. kerosene

2. Carburetor consists essentially of a wide tube through which air is sucked into the …

a. working cylinder b. engine inlet c. gas burner

3. The liquid fuel is supplied to a small … .

a. nozzle b. tube c. valve

4. Read and translate the text:

If the fuel is gas, it is as simple to mix it with the air, as in an ordinary gas burner. The gas is piped to the air intake tube of the engine and a valve is provided by means of which the proportions of air and gas can be regulated.

If the fuel is a liquid which can easily evaporate at ordinary temperatures (a volatile liquid like alcohol, gasoline, or kerosene), it may mixed with the air in a carburetor. This consists essentially of a wide tube through which air is sucked into the engine inlet. In the center of this there is a small nozzle to which the liquid fuel is supplied. The flowing air produces a suction on the nozzle, and causes a fine jet of fuel to issue from it. This jet is picked up by the air and torn to minute droplets, which evaporate and mix with the air. In the world today carburetor engines far outnumber any other type of engines, and most of them use gasoline for fuel. Their widest application is in the automotive field.

5.Answer the questions:

Where may mixed the fuel with the air if it is gas?

Where may mixed the fuel with the air if it is liquid?

What does a carburetor consist of?

Where is the liquid fuel supplied to?

What engines do outnumber any other type of engines?

 

Практическая работа № 15.

Injection engines

1. Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents:

1. to evaporate a. испаряться

2. to atomize b. распылять

3. injection engine c. двигатель с впрыскиванием топлива

4. intimate d. однородный

5. uniform mixture e. однообразная смесь

Answer:1-____,2-____,3-____,4-____,5-____

2. Read and translate the text:

There are many liquid fuels which are hard to evaporate. Such a fuel can be utilized in internal combustion engines by spraying or injecting it directly into the combustion chamber at the time combustion is to begin- after the air is compressed. In doing so, the liquid must be well broken up into small droplets( atomized), and it must be made to penetrate evenly throughout the entire combustion chamber filled with compressed air, in order to secure the most intimate and uniform mixture which is so necessary for good combustion.

Injection engines can be of both the four- and the two-cycle types.

It is obvious that during scavenging in two-cycle engines a portion of the fresh charge may be lost through the exhaust with the waste gases. In mixture engines of the two-cycle type only air may thus be lost, since the fuel is not introduced until after compression. From this is follows that mixture engines are best suited for four-cycle operation while injection engines can be of both types, and that injection engines are the only ones which will fully bring out the advantages of the two-cycle principle.

Find the following sentences in the text

1. Инжекторные двигатели могут быть и двухтактными и четырёхтактными.

____2. Из этого следует, что смешивающие двигатели лучше подходят для четырёхтактных процессов, в то время как инжекторные двигатели могут быть обоих типов, и поэтому инжекторные двигатели являются единственными в своём роде, которые полностью выявляют достоинства двухтактного принципа.

________3. Есть много видов жидкого топлива, которое плохо испаряется.

______________

Circle the correct word (s) in the sentence

1.A fuel which is hard to evaporate can be utilized in internal combustion engines by spraying/mixturing.

2. The liquid must be well mixed/sprayed/atomized.

3. Injection engines can be of both types/of the four-cycle type/of the two-cycle type.

Практическая работа № 16.

Ignition.

1. Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents:

1. ignition a. щуп

2. electric spark b. гнездо

3. sparkplug c. электрическая искра

4. spanner d. торцевой ключ

5. socket e. зажигание

6. gap f. свеча зажигания

7. gauge g. Зазор

Answer:1-____,2-____,3-____,4-____,5-____,6-____, 7-____

2. Read and translate the text:

After the charge is in the cylinder and after it is compressed in the combustion chamber, it must be ignited. Nearly all modern mixture engines employ electric ignition. It consists in making a hot electric spark at the proper time in the combustion chamber. Such a spark is produced between the two electrodes of a spark plug, energized either from a battery or from an electric generator, and timed by a distributor. When air is compressed, it heats up, and its temperature depends on the compression pressure. If this is high enough, the air gets so hot that oil sprayed into it ignites spontaneously.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What kind of ignition do all modern engines employ?

2. Where is a hot electric spark made?

3. What is produced between the two electrodes of a spark plug?

4. What is energized a spark plug from?

4. Read and translate the instruction how to check a spark plug.

1. Remove the cover.

2. Place the spanner over the spark plug.

3. Rotate the plug anti-clockwise until it is loose.

4. Remove the plug from the socket.

5. Examine the gap and check that it is clean.

6. Insert the gauge in the gap.

7. Check that the gap is between 0.65 and 1.00 mm wide.

8. Replace the plug in the socket.

9. Rotate the plug clockwise until it is hand-tight.

10. Place the spanner over the plug and give a quarter turn clockwise.

11. Do not over tighten the plug.

12. Replace the cover.

True or false?

1. Turn the plug anti-clockwise and tighten it.True /false

2. Look at the gap and clean it. True /false

3. Put the gauge into the gap and check the width.True /false

4. Tighten the plug with your hand. Then use the spanner.True /false

5. Width of the gap is 1.65 mm.True /false