Тема 3. Досуг и развлечения, путешествия

 

My Hobby

 

Tastes differ. Different people like different things, different people have different hobbies.

I go in for sports, I like to play tennis. I go to play tennis every day. Sport is very important part of our life. Many people go in for sports, they jogging, walking, swimming, skating, skiing, train themselves in clubs and different sections.

Physical training is an important subject at school. Pupils play volleyball, football, basketball. I have been playing tennis for 5 years. Tennis became very popular now. I take part in different competitions.

To be in a good shape I'm jogging every morning and do my morning exercises. Everyone should do all he can to stay healthy and choose the sport he is interested in. I do not understand people who say that they like sport, but they only watch sport on TV.

If one goes in for sports he feels much better, looks much better, sleeps much better. Your physical appearance will change too. You will be slimmer and trimmer. And what is even more important you will not get sick often.

Why do I go in for sports? Because I think that it is very important for a man to be strong and well-built. Sport is not for weak, because, you have to learn how to lose, and it's not easy. My favourite proverb says: "A sound mind in sound body".

 

 

Questions:

1. What is your hobby?
2. What sports do you go in for?
3. Do you like summer (winter) sports?
4. What does it mean to be healthy?
5. Why did you chose tennis?
6. Who is your favourite tennis-player?
Vocabulary:

to jog — бегать
to skating — кататься на коньках
to skiing — кататься на лыжах
competition — соревнование
shape — форма
health — здоровье
slim — стройный
trim — в хорошей форме
weak — слабый
to lose — проигрывать

 

Travelling/Holidays

 

Modern life is impossible without travelling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea or by road.

Of course, travelling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling through.

Modern trains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.

Travelling by sea is very popular. Large ships and small river boats can visit foreign countries and different places of interest within their own country.

As for me, I prefer travelling by car. I think it's very convenient. You needn't reserve tour tickets. You needn't carry heavy suitcases. You can stop wherever you wish, and spend at any place as much time as you like.

Every year my friend and I go somewhere to the South for holidays. The Black Sea is one of the most wonderful places which attracts holiday-makers all over the world. There are many rest-homes, sanatoriums and tourist camps there.

But it is also possible to rent a room or a furnished house for a couple of weeks there. Sometimes, we can place ourselves in a tent on the sea shore enjoying fresh air and the sun all day long.

As a rule, I make new friends there. In the day-time we play volley-ball, tennis, swim in the warm water of the sea and sunbathe. In the evening.

I like to sit on the beach watching the sea and enjoying the sunset. I'm fond of mountaineering. So I do a lot of climbing together with my friends. Time passes quickly and soon we have to make our way back. We return home sunburnt and full of impressions.

 

Questions:

1. Why is modern life impossible without travelling?
2. What is the fastest and the most convenient way of travelling?
3. Why is travelling by sea very popular?
4. Why is travelling by car very convenient?
5. Where do you go every year?
6. Where do you make new friends?

 

Vocabulary: either... or — либо... либо by rail — по железной дороге advantages — преимущества, достоинства enjoyable — приносящий радость safety — безопасность to reserve — резервировать

tour — тур, поездка to rent — снимать, нанимать couple — пара mountaineering — альпинизм climbing — лазанье (по горам)

Тексты по теме

English Traditions

Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Britain traditions play a more important part in the life of the people than in other countries.

Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. It has been the law for about three hundred years that all the theatres are closed on Sundays. No letters are delivered, only a few Sunday papers are published.

To this day an English family prefers a house with a garden to a flat in a modern house with central heating. English people like gardens.

Holidays are especially rich in old traditions and are different in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and England. Christmas is a great English national holiday, and in Scotland it is not kept at all, except by clerks in banks; all the shops, mills and factories are working. But six days later, on New Year’s Eve the Scotch begin to enjoy themselves. All the shops, mills and factories are closed on New Year’s Day.

People invite their friends to their houses and "sit the Old Year out and the New Year in".

When the dock begins to strike twelve, the head of the family goes to the entrance door, opens it wide and holds it until the last stroke. Then he shuts the door. He has let the Old Year out and the New Year in.

One of the most peculiar features of life in England which immediately strikes any visitor to this country is the cherishing and preserving of many traditions, sometimes very archaic as they may seem. Uniforms are not particularly characteristic of this fact. However, when one sees the warders at the Tower of London with their funny flat hats, their trousers bound at the knee, and the royal monogram on their breast, one feels carried back to the age of Queen Elisabeth I.

And you should chance to see the Lord Mayor of London riding through the streets of the city with his black robe and gold chain, his medieval carriage, and all sheriffs, councillors and other members of his suite, you have a picture of living history.

Tourists visiting London are usually eager to see Buckingham Palace, the official London residence of the Queen and the King. The house was bought by George III from the Duke of Buckingham, from whom it takes the name.

Queen Victoria was the first to make the Palace the official residence of the Sovereign. The colourful ceremony of the Changing of the Guard before the Palace is of great interest for visitors. The Guardsmen in their red coats and bearskin caps march behind the Drum Major and the Band.

A number of other ceremonies also take place, such as the Kings or Queen's receptions and the State Opening of Parliament.

There is another custom, such as the searching of the cellars underneath the Houses of Parliament by half a dozen "Beefeaters" before the opening of Parliament, in memory of Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder Plot in 1605.

English people tend to be rather conservative. The conservative attitude consists of an acceptance of things which are familiar. The metric system came into general use in 1975.

The twenty-four-hour clock was at last adopted for railway timetables in the 1960s — though not for most other timetables, such as radio programmes. The decimal money was introduced, but the pound sterling as the basic unit was kept, one-hundredth part of it being a new penny. Temperatures have been measured in Centigrade as well as Fahrenheit for a number of years, though most people tend to use Fahrenheit for general purposes.

Vocabulary:

To be proud of – гордиться чем-либо

To deliver - доставлять, освобождать, избавлять

To invite - приглашать

Peculiar - особый, специальный

To cherish - лелеять, нежно любить

To preserve - сохранять

Warder - тюремщик

Bound - граница, предел

To carry back - напоминать прошлое

Medieval carriage - средневековый экипаж

Councilor - член Совета

The Changing of the Guard - смена караула

Acceptance - принятие, приём

Questions:

1) What do you know about the attention of the British to their customs and traditions?

2) What homes do the British prefer?

3) What is the difference between traditional holidays in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and England?

4) What tradition can be carried back to the age of Queen Elisabeth I?

5) What picture of living history can you see in London with the Lord Major?

6) What do you know about Buckingham Palace?

7) Can you say that English people tend to be rather conservative? Prove it.

My Week-day

 

 

As soon as I wake up I open the bedroom window and breathe in some fresh air. Then I go to have a shower. I start with a warm shower and then I turn the water onto cold and for a few seconds I have a really cold shower and let the water run over me. It really wakes you up.

After that I do a few exercises. I think it's really important to do this, because it makes your body feel good and keep the muscles firm. I usually exercise my stomach muscles and my leg muscles. Then I go and have my breakfast.

I really believe that it's important to have a really good breakfast. I don't think you should just have a cup of tea, like most of the girls do. Anyway, I have orange juice, an egg and some biscuits. After breakfast I go to work.

I work as a model, so I like my job, because it's very interesting and I travel a lot. I usually go to work by taxi. It's starts at about 10 o'clock. I work for about 5 hours with the photographer and he takes a lot of pictures. Such pictures are used in women's weekly magazines.

I finish work about four, so you can see that I only work from about 10 till 4 and then I go home. At home I have a bath, change my clothes and watch TV. Every night I usually go out. I can't cook very well, so I like to eat out.

Well, you can see that I have a good life and I have a good wages when you think about the number of hours I work.

 

 

Questions:

1. When do you get up?
2. What do you have for breakfast?
3. At what time do you start to work?
4. What do you do at night?
5. Do you like to eat out?

Vocabulary:

shower — душ
muscles — мускулы
stomach — желудок
body - тело
wages - зарплата

Тема 4. Еда. Покупки

My family’s Meals.

My family isn’t large. It consists of four members. But each member of our family has his own tastes and interest. For example, my brother is fond of sports. So early in the morning he goes jogging.

That’s why he has nothing to eat before it, because it would be bad for him to eat before exercises. But when he comes back, he has a shower and is more than ready for breakfast. He always needs a cup of coffee to really wake him up. His breakfast usually consists of a bowl of cereal with milk and sugar. This he follows by toasts and juice. My father eats the same as my brother.

My mother has a lighter breakfast of just yoghurt and a grapefruit. As for me, a cup of tea is enough for breakfast. And my mother sometimes scolds me for it, because it’s important to have a really goods breakfast.

We don’t have our main meal at lunch time. My father takes sandwiches with him to work.To be healthy, he also eats fruit. My mother is able to be more varied in her lunches, because she is a housewife. It means that she can prepare what she likes.

Her favourite dish is roast meat. As she likes to bake, there is always something tasty at home. Our evening meal is usually eaten at 7 o’clock. The main course is often meat with vegetables. Sometimes we eat pizza or pasta with delicious sauce.

We try to eat our main meal together. In our busy lives it is the one time of day when we sit down and have a good talk.

Questions:

1. Is your family large?

2. What do your family have for breakfast?

3. Do you have your main meal together?

4. When do you have your main meal?

5. What do you have for supper?

Vocabulary:

Jogging – бег трусцой

Cereal – овсянка

To scold – ругать

Roast meat – жареное мясо

Shopping

When we want to buy something, we go to a shop. There are many kinds of shops in every town or city, but most of them have a food supermarket, a department store, men's and women's clothing stores, grocery, a bakery and a butchery.

I like to do my shopping at big department stores and supermarkets. They sell various goods under one roof and this is very convenient. A department store, for example, true to its name, is composed of many departments: readymade clothes, fabrics, shoes, sports goods, toys, china and glass, electric appliances, cosmetics, linen, curtains, cameras, records, etc. You can buy everything you like there.

There are also escalators in big stores which take customers to different floors. The things for sale are on the counters so that they can be easily seen. In the women's clothing department you can find dresses, costumes, blouses, skirts, coats, beautiful underwear and many other things. In the men's clothing department you can choose suits, trousers, overcoats, ties, etc.

In the knitwear department one can buy sweaters, cardigans, short-sleeved and long-sleeved pullovers, woollen jackets. In the perfumery they sell face cream and powder, lipstick, lotions and shampoos.

In a food supermarket we can also buy many different things at once: sausages, fish, sugar, macaroni, flour, cereals, tea. At the butcher's there is a wide choice of meat and poultry. At the bakery you buy brown and white bread, rolls, biscuits.

Another shop we frequently go to is the greengrocery which is stocked by cabbage, potatoes, onions, cucumbers, carrots, beetroots, green peas and what not. Everything is sold here ready-weighed and packed. If you call round at a dairy you can buy milk, cream, cheese, butter and many other products.

The methods of shopping may vary. It may be a selfservice shop where the customer goes from counter to counter selecting and putting into a basket what he wishes to buy. Then he takes the basket to the check-out counter, where the prices of the purchases are added up. If it is not a self-service shop, and most small shops are not, the shop-assistant helps the customer in finding what he wants. You pay money to the cashier and he gives you back the change.

 

Questions:

1. What do we do when we want to buy something?
2. What kinds of shops are there in every town?
3. Where do you like to do your shopping?
4. What departments is a department store composed of?
5. Where are the things for sale?
6. What can we buy in the knitwear department?
7. What can we buy in a food supermarket?
8. What methods of shopping are there?

Vocabulary: supermarket — супермаркет store — магазин, отдел various — разнообразие under one roof — под одной крышей to be composed of... — состоять (из чего-то)

ready-weighed and packed — в расфасованном и упакованном виде fabrics — ткани escalator — эскалатор customer — покупатель

 

 

Тексты по теме

English Meals

 

The English proverb says: every cook praises his own broth. One can not say English cookery is bad, but there is not a lot of variety in it in comparison with European cuisine. The English are very particular about their meals. The usual meals in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.

Breakfast time is between seven and nine a.m. A traditional English breakfast is a very big meal. It consists of juice, porridge, a rasher or two of bacon and eggs, toast, butter, jam or marmalade, tea or coffee. Marmalade is made from oranges and jam is made from other fruit. Many people like to begin with porridge with milk or cream and sugar, but no good Scotsman ever puts sugar on it, because Scotland is the home of porridge. For a change you can have sausages, tomatoes, mushrooms, cold ham or perhaps fish.

But nowadays in spite of the fact that the English strictly keep to their meals many people just have cereal with milk and sugar or toast with jam or honey.
The two substantial meals of the day are lunch and dinner. Lunch is usually taken at one o'clock. For many people lunch is a quick meal. Office workers usually go to a cafe at this time. They take fish, poultry or cold meat (beef, mutton, veal and ham), boiled or fried potatoes and all sorts of salad. They may have a mutton chop or steak and chips, followed by biscuits and a cup of coffee. Some people like a glass of light beer with lunch. Pubs also serve good, cheap food. School children can have a hot meal at school. Some of them just bring a snack from home.

Tea is very popular among the English; it may almost be called their national drink. Tea is welcome in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening. The English like it strong and fresh made. The English put one tea-spoonful of tea for each person. Tea means two things. It is a drink and a meal. Some people have afternoon tea, so called «high tea» with sandwiches, tomatoes and salad, a tin of apricots, pears or pineapples and cakes, and, of course a cup of tea. That is what they call good tea. It is a substantial meal.

Cream teas are also popular. Many visitors, who come to Britain, find English instant coffee disgusting. Dinner time is generally between six and eight p.m. The evening meal is the biggest and the main meal of the day. Very often the whole family eats together. They begin with soup, followed by fish, roast chicken, potatoes and vegetables, fruit and coffee.

On Sundays many families have a traditional lunch consisting of roast chicken, lamb or beef with salads, vegetables and gravy.

The British enjoy tasting delicious food from other countries, for example, French, Italian, Indian and Chinese food. Modern people are so busy that they do not have a lot of time for cooking themselves. So, the British buy the food at the restaurant and bring it home already prepared to eat. So we can conclude that take-away meals are rather popular among the population. Eating has become rather international in Britain lately.

 

Questions:

1. What are the usual meals in England?
2. What time do they have breakfast?
3. What is a traditional English breakfast?
4. What are the two substantial meals of the day?
5. When is lunch usually taken?
6. What does lunch include?
7. Is tea popular among the English?
8. When do they usually have dinner?
9. Do the British enjoy tasting delicious food from other countries?

Vocabulary:

 

proverb — пословица, поговорка
Every cook praises his own broth — поел, каждый повар хвалит свой собственный бульон; аналое, каждый кулик хвалит свое болото
cookery — кулинария; стряпня
variety — многообразие, разнообразие
cuisine — кухня, стол (питание; поваренное искусство)
particular — редкий, особенный; особый, специфический
lunch — обед (обычно в полдень в середине рабочего дня), ланч
porridge — (овсяная) каша
rasher — тонкий ломтик бекона/ветчины (для поджаривания)
sausage — колбасу; сосиска; колбасный фарш
mushroom — гриб
in spite of — несмотря на
strictly — бдительно, внимательно, неусыпно
cereal — обыкн.мн, злак; крупа, крупяной продукт (полученные из зерновых культур)
honey — мед
substantial — питательный (о пище); существенный, большой
poultry — домашняя птица
beef — говядина
mutton — баранина
veal — телятина
ham — ветчина, окорок
boiled — кипяченый, вареный
fried — жареный
chop — небольшой кусок мяса, отбивная (котлета)
steak — бифштекс, кусок мяса/рыбы (для жаренья)
cheap — дешевый, недорогой
snack — легкая закуска
tea-spoonful — целая чайная ложка
tin — жестяная консервная банка; жестянка
apricot — абрикос
pear — груша
pineapple — ананас
instant coffee — растворимый кофе
disgusting — отвратительный, плохой, противный
roast — жаркое; жареный
lamb — мясо молодого барашка
gravy — подливка (из сока жаркого), соус
delicious — восхитительный, прелестный; очень вкусный
to conclude — сделать вывод, подвести итог