III. Заполните пропуск в предложении

Итоговый тест за III семестр базового курса для студентов инженерных специальностей, изучающих английский язык

Часа в неделю

Вариант 1

I. Прочитайте текст

QUANTUM COMPUTERS

1. The idea of a computer based on quantum mechanics emerged in the 1970’s. Physicists and computer scientists were thinking over the fundamental limits of computation. They understood that the continually shrinking size of circuitry packed onto silicon chips would reach a point where individual elements would be no larger than a few atoms. But at the atomic scale the physical laws that govern the behavior and properties of the circuit are quantum mechanical in nature, not classical. This raised the question of whether a new kind of computer could be devised.

2. A key difference between a classical computer and a quantum computer is that a classical computer has a memory made up of bits, where each bit holds either a 1 or a 0. A quantum computer maintains a sequence of qubits. A qubit can hold a 1, a 0 or both at the same time. A quantum computer with n qubits can be in up to 2ⁿ different states simultaneously (a normal computer can only be in one of these 2ⁿ states at any one time). This has significant advantages particularly for solving problems with a large amount of data.

3. Among the few potentially large obstacles which prevent us from building a quantum computer error correction is probably the most formidable. Errors arise as a direct result of decoherence, or the tendency of a quantum computer to decay from a given quantum state as it interacts with the environment. These interactions are unavoidable, and induce the breakdown of information stored in the computer, and thus errors in computation. Currently, research is underway to discover methods for battling the destructive effects of decoherence.

4. Although quantum computing is still in its infancy, practical and theoretical research continues with interest. Quantum computers will be able to solve certain problems much faster than any of our current classical computers, and many national government and military funding agencies support quantum computing research to develop quantum computers for both civilian and national security purposes.

 

1. Утверждение "In a quantum computer data is processed not by electrons but by atoms known as qubits." является

a) истинным

b) ложным

c) в тексте нет информации

2. Утверждение "A classical computer can be in up to 2ⁿ different states simultaneously." является

a) истинным

b) ложным

c) в тексте нет информации

3. Утверждение "The new type of computers is based on quantum mechanics because such computers are more powerful" является

a) истинным

b) ложным

c) в тексте нет информации

4. Утверждение "Some computing architectures may use classical superposition of electromagnetic waves." является

a) истинным

b) ложным

c) в тексте нет информации

5. Идея "Quantum computers are expected to be the fastest computing machines." соответствует абзацу текста под номером

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

6. Идея "There are a number of practical difficulties in building a quantum computer." соответствует абзацу текста под номером

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

7. Ответьте на вопрос: "Why do errors arise in a quantum computer?"

a) Error correction is the most formidable problem.

b) Interactions with the environment are unavoidable.

c) A quantum computer has a tendency to decay from a given quantum state.

d) Interactions of a quantum computer with the environment cause decoherence.

8. Определите основную идею текста 

a) Quantum computers will emerge as the superior computational devices.

b) Stability-decoherence problem is a big obstacle in building a quantum computer.

c) Quantum properties can be used to represent data and perform operations on these data.

d) A quantum computer is a device that uses physical phenomenon unique to quantum mechanics.

II . Заполните пропуск, используя соответствующую форму слова

9. A computer must be able to _____ with the user.

a) communicate

b) communication

c) communicative

d) communicable

10. The _____ improvements of computers are reducing man’s workload.

a) technology

b) technologist

c) technological

d) technologically

Выберите синоним к выделенному слову

11. Addressing the conference Boris Turukhanov gave a paper on storing information in holograms. 

a) forming

b) keeping

c) collecting

d) gathering

12. Many countries around the world carry out intensive research on optical-electronic computers. 

a) start

b) follow

c) conduct

d) upgrade

Выберите антоним к выделенному слову

13. First computers were so huge that some occupied a room or a building.

a) nice

b) slow

c) small

d) smart

14. New technologies reduce the number of workers needed.

a) supply

b) increase

c) improve

d) define

Подберите слово к данному определению

15. _____ is a set of instructions which a computer uses to do a specific task.

a) bug

b) code

c) compiler

d) program

16. _____ determines the way the user interacts with the computer.

a) interface

b) desktop

c) window

d) operating system

III. Заполните пропуск в предложении

17. A computer system consists _____ two parts: the hardware and the software.

a) from

b) of

c) out of

d) with

18. After a number of failures they succeeded _____ installing the new operating system.

a) at

b) for

c) in

d) with

19. I am looking forward _____ inputting data by voice instead of using a keyboard.

a) at

b) for

c) on

d) to

20. When computers appeared, no one believed that they _____ a part of people’s everyday life.

a) will become

b) would become

c) became

d) had become

21. Now the program _____.

a) rewrites

b) is rewriting

c) was rewritten

d) is being rewritten

22. The use of computers in education _____ recently.

a) grows

b) grew

c) has grown

d) was grown

23. You _____ use any program you find appropriate.

a) may

b) must

c) should

d) have

24. My computer crashed yesterday and I _____ phone a repair shop.

a) am to

b) had to

c) might

d) must

25. According to computer expert Tom Vincent, from Cambridge University, computers will soon _____ make accurate predictions about the future.

a) can

b) may

c) must

d) be able to

26. The Internet is a great number of computers _____ together.

a) linking

b) linked

c) having linked

d) having been linked

27. My computer needs _____.

a) upgrading

b) upgraded

c) being upgraded

d) having upgraded

28. _____ through all the e-mail messages he deleted the unnecessary ones.

a) looking

b) looked

c) being looked

d) having looked

29. You can find information on the Internet  _____ a search engine.

a) using

b) used

c) being used

d) having been used

30. He was proud of _____ international competition in programming.

a) won

b) being won

c) having won

d) having been won