I тип чтения – открытый слог
Введение
Главной целью данного пособия является выработка навыков правильного чтения, т.е. воспроизведение именно тех звуков, из которых состоят читаемые слова, а так же готовности к пониманию звучащей речи.
Пособие включает в себя основные правила чтения гласных и согласных букв и упражнения, иллюстрирующие наиболее типичные ситуации употребления изученного материала. Каждый раздел посвящен определенной фонетической структуре и включает разнообразные упражнения, обеспечивающие интенсивную и всестороннюю тренировку данной структуры и формирующие навыки практического владения материалом.
Каждый раздел завершается проверочной работой по изученной теме, позволяющей проверить полученные знания. В конце пособия даны образцы контрольных работ, охватывающих все изученные правила.
Пособие может быть использовано на аудиторных занятиях и для самостоятельной работы студентов.
Алфавит
Алфавит английского языка состоит из 26 букв и основан на латинском алфавите. 6 букв английского алфавита обозначают гласные 21 буква — согласные
Гласные : A, E, I, O, U , Y .
Согласные : B , C , D , F , G , H , J , K , L , M , N , P , Q , R , S , T , V , W , X , Y (считается согласной, если стоит вначале слова) , Z .
Существует отличие в британском и американском названии буквы "Z " (в Великобритании используется название [zed], в Америке - [zi:].
№
БУКВА
ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ
№
БУКВА
ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ
1.
A a
[ ei ]
14.
N n
[ en ]
2.
B b
[ bi: ]
15.
O o
[ əu ]
3.
C c
[ si: ]
16.
P p
[ pi: ]
4.
D d
[di: ]
17.
Q q
[ kju: ]
5.
E e
[ i: ]
18.
R r
[ a:(r) ]
6.
F f
[ ef ]
19.
S s
[ es ]
7.
G g
[ d3i: ]
20.
T t
[ ti: ]
8.
H h
[ eit∫ ]
21.
U u
[ ju: ]
9.
I i
[ ai ]
22.
V v
[ vi: ]
10.
J j
[ d3ei ]
23.
W w
['dΛblju:]
11.
K k
[ kei ]
24.
X x
[ eks ]
12.
L l
[ el ]
25.
Y y
[ wai ]
13.
M m
[ em ]
26.
Z z
[ zed ]
Чтение гласных букв
Алфавитное
В конце слога
гласная
согласная
гласная + r
гласная +re (+ согласная)
I
II
III
IV
А а [ ei ]
[ ei ] take
[ æ ] cat
[ a: ] car
[ εə ] care
O o [ əu ]
[ əu ] rose
[ o ] dog
[ o: ] for
[ o: ] more
U u [ ju: ]
[ ju: ] use
[ Λ ] cup
[ ə: ] fur
[ uə ] sure
E e [ i: ]
[ i: ] Pete
[ e ] pet
[ ə: ] her
[ iə ] here
I i / Y y [ ai / wai ]
[ ai ] Mike [ ai ] fly
[ i ] pig [ i ] system
[ ə: ] girl
myrth
[ aiə ] tyre
Aa [eı]
[eı] [æ]
make ham
ar [ a:] star, car
are [ ε ə ] care
air [ ε ə ] chair
ai, ay [ ei ] aim, pay
au [ o: ] August
aw [ o: ] saw
al+cогл. [ o: ] talk
as+согл. [ a:] glass, task, past
A a
Class, mask, pass, past, last, fast, grass
Far, car, farm, large, card, park, mark
Pan, fat, thank, sand, sat, bag, land
Race, take, face, cake, late, save, cave
Daughter, August, autumn, author, sausage, autograph, laundry
Tall, call, ball, talk, walk, chalk
Stay, play, day, way, lay, may, wait, plain, train, tail, sail
Chair, air, dare, care, fair
А а
Sat, skate, day, author, salt, mass, plain, tall, large, date, farm, daughter, lain, cat, fall, bay, flag, past, wait, back, talk, autumn, actor, again, all, already, also, always, argue, arm, ask, august, Australian, author, authority, back, bag, bake, ball, bank, barn, bay, blame, brain, cake, call, card, care, cast, cave, chain, chair, charm, chat, class, day, fame, fan, farm, fast, fate, fault, flag, flame, garden, grass, hall, lake, lamp, large, lay, mall, mask, may, pale, pan, park, pass, past, past, plain, play, rat, sad, sail, sale, salt, sausage, shave, stay, tail, task, train, tram, vain, wait, wave.
Проверочная работа
Прочитайте слова, запишите верное чтение гласной, выбрав из предложенных вариантов транскрипции
Oo [ou ]
[ou ] [ o ]
hope shop
or [ o: ]north
ore [ o: ]more
oi, oy [ oi ] toy, coin
ough [o:] bought
ou [ au ] ground
ow [ au ] brow n
ow [ou ] snow
old[ou ] hold
oa [ou ] coat
ous[ əs] famous
[ u: ] moon
oo
[ u ] hook
Oo
Nose, close, throne, stone, phone
Hot, dog, lot, not, fog, frog, stock
North, form, for, corn, horn, nor, store, more
Book, moon, spoon, room
Coat, road, flown, boat, goal, cloak
Fold, cold, hold, old, bold
Bought, thought, ought, though
Low, snow, grow, blow, show, throw
Oil, point, noise, voice, enjoy, toys, boy
Brown, crown, town, now, crowd
Oo
Bloom, boot, bought, box, brown, coat, coin, cook, crowd, flow, fold, fool, frog, goat, gold, grow, hook, know, loaf, log, look, loud, moon, more, noise, north, nose, note, oil, or, out, phone, point, poison, pole, road, show, smoke, snow, soap, sock, soft, sort, south, thought, too, torn, town, toy, woke, worn, zoo.
Проверочная работа
Прочитайте слова, запишите верное чтение гласной, выбрав из предложенных вариантов транскрипции
1. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u: ] [u] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Bloom
2. Box
3. Zoo
4. Woke
5. Worn
6. More
7. Loud
8. Flow
9. Oil
10. look
2. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u:] [ u] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Sort
2. More
3. Bought
4. Loaf
5. Fold
6. Coin
7. Log
8. Fool
9. Nose
10. Hook
3. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u:] [ u] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Brown
2. Show
3. Coin
4. Toy
5. Coat
6. Cook
7. Moon
8. Point
9. Fold
10. Phone
4. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u: ] [ u] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Sock
2. Smoke
3. Road
4. North
5. Noise
6. Know
7. Gold
8. Boot
9. Bought
10. more
5. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u: ] [ u] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Soft
2. Soap
3. Or
4. Out
5. Oil
6. Note
7. More
8. Thought
9. Grow
10. Crowd
6. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u: ] [ u] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Frog
2. Too
3. Torn
4. Town
5. South
6. Poison
7. Pole
8. Look
9. Snow
10. goat
7. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u: ] [ u ] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Fox
2. Boat
3. Corn
4. Soon
5. Loop
6. Old
7. Wore
8. Voice
9. joy
10. phone
8. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u: ] [ u ] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Rob
2. Road
3. Rode
4. Roof
5. Port
6. Point
7. Bow
8. Throw
9. Home
10. look
9. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u:] [ u ] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Top
2. Tore
3. Toy
4. Sound
5. Sort
6. Mood
7. Low
8. Load
9. Joke
10. join
10. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u: ] [ u ] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Hook
2. Rock
3. Road
4. Flow
5. Gold
6. Food
7. Coal
8. Form
9. Brought
10. more
11. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u: ] [ u ] [oi ] [ au ]
1. Song
2. Slow
3. Sold
4. Goose
5. Bone
6. Hook
7. Goal
8. Oil
9. Joy
10. crowd
12. [ o: ] [ou ] [o] [ u: ] [ u ] [ oi ] [ au ]
1. Down
2. Spoon
3. Boil
4. Boy
5. Book
6. Form
7. Dog
8. Phone
9. Fore
10. grow
Ee
[ i: ] [ e ]
these kept
er [ ə: ] verb
ere [ iə ] here
ea, ee [ i: ] tea, see
[ iə ] near
ear
[ ε ə ] bear
ey [ ei ] grey, they
ea+d [ e ] head
ew[ ju: ] new
Ee
These, Pete, she, he, we, tree
Each, sea, meat, leans, beam, leaf,
See, meet, feet, geese, seem, teeth
Head, bread, read, lead, dead, instead
Pen, set, beg, egg, red, then, ten, leg, wet, desk, neck, Ben, check
Near, clear, dear, rear, ear, fear
They, grey,
New, few, grew, knew, crew
Term, nerve, perch, serve, verb.
Ee
Beam, bear, bee, beer, Ben, bent, bread, check, clear, crew, dead, dear, deck, deer, desk, few, free, geese, grew, grey, head, here, jeans, kerchief, knee, knew, lead, leaf, leg, let, me, mean, meat, meet, mercy, merge, near, need, needle, nerve, new, peak, per cent, perch, Perl, Pete, red, scene, screw, sea, seat, seem, seen, serve, set, she, sheep, shelf, shell, team, teeth, ten, term, then, these, they, three, treat, we, weak, week, west, wheel, when.
Проверочная работа
Прочитайте слова, запишите верное чтение гласной, выбрав из предложенных вариантов транскрипции
Ii
[ ai ] [ i ]
time pin
ir [ ə: ] first
ire [ aiə ]wire, tired
[ ai ] tie, pie
ie
[ i: ] piece, field
igh[ ai ] right, high
i+nd/ ld [ ai ] kind, child
Ii
Time, mine, side, fine, kite, crime, nice, pride, white, line, ride, bite, wine, smile
Tin, swim, trick, fish, big, pig, risk, six, sin, miss, Nick, kill, win, stick, chin
Tie, die, pie
First, bird, skirt, shirt, third, dirty
High, might, slight, light, bright, right
Tired, admire, fire, hire
Field, piece, niece
Kind, find, mind, blind
Ii
Admire, believe, bird, bite, bind, blind, brick, bride, bright, circle, crime, die, dig, dirty, drink, drive, field, find, fine, fire, first, fish, five, flight, gin, girl, high, hill, ice, ill, inn, is, kind, king, knight, knit, light, limb, line, list, lit, little, might, mind, mine, niece, night, nine, pie, piece, pig, pin, pine, receive, retired, risk, shine, shirt, sick, side, sight, sin, sky, skirt, stick, think, third, tie, tights, time, tired, twins, wine, wing, wire, write.
Проверочная работа
Прочитайте слова, запишите верное чтение гласной, выбрав из предложенных вариантов транскрипции
1. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. High
2. Fire
3. Girl
4. Mine
5. Little
6. Tired
7. Pin
8. Wire
9. Blind
10. Niece
2. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Shirt
2. Bright
3. Knit
4. Shine
5. Fire
6. High
7. Crime
8. Brick
9. Piece
10. Bird
3. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Sight
2. Bird
3. Drive
4. Sin
5. Fine
6. Admire
7. Write
8. Mind
9. Tie
10.piece
4. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Time
2. Fish
3. Die
4. Dirty
5. Piece
6. Mind
7. Tired
8. High
9. First
10. Niece
5. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Light
2. First
3. Bite
4. Sick
5. Nine
6. Retired
7. Dig
8. Wire
9. Find
10.field
6. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Might
2. Third
3. Shine
4. Gin
5. Drive
6. Wine
7. Fire
8. Niece
9. Kind
10. Twins
7. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Inn
2. Pig
3. Night
4. Line
5. Sick
6. Girl
7. Admire
8. Die
9. Field
10. Mind
8. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Risk
2. Hill
3. Tights
4. Bride
5. Ice
6. Bird
7. Tired
8. Niece
9. Die
10. Find
9. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Twins
2. Five
3. Knight
4. Side
5. Ill
6. Circle
7. Fire
8. Pie
9. Field
10.find
10. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Stick
2. Is
3. Flight
4. Wing
5. Bright
6. Tired
7. Bird
8. Wire
9. Piece
10. Kind
11. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Drink
2. Inn
3. Wire
4. Sight
5. Admire
6. Girl
7. Fire
8. Ski
9. Believe
10. Mind
12. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Kind
2. Light
3. First
4. List
5. Fine
6. Wire
7. Bird
8. Receive
9. Pie
10. King
13. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Bright
2. Fine
3. Field
4. Admire
5. Kind
6. Lit
7. Limb
8. Blind
9. Bird
10.think
14. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Time
2. Fish
3. Tie
4. Third
5. Tired
6. Niece
7. Kind
8. First
9. Line
10. Pin
15. [ ai ] [ i ] [ ə: ] [ aiə ]
1. Pin
2. Pine
3. Bright
4. Field
5. Pie
6. Blind
7. Bird
8. Fire
9. Skirt
10. Brick
Yy
[ ai ] [ i ]
cry, fly myth
1) Вначале слова [ j ]
youth, yet, yard
2) в безударном слоге [ i ] hobby
ay, ey [eı] stay, grey
oy [ oi ] boy
Yy
Youth, yet, yard, yellow, young
Cry, fly, try, July, sky, why, dry
Hobby, marry, carry, very, funny
Boy, toy, joy
Bay, say, May, away, day, lay, they, grey
Yy
Any, baby, bay, boy, carry, cry, day, dry, enjoy, fly, grey, happy, heavy, hey, hobby, joy, July, lay, many, marry, may, only, ray, ready, say, silly, sky, stay, they, toy, try, way, why, worry, yard, yellow, yet, young, youth.
Проверочная работа
Прочитайте слова, запишите верное чтение гласной, выбрав из предложенных вариантов транскрипции
1. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Happy Cry Yellow Boy Grey May 2. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Fly Day July Yard They Toy 3. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Baby Dry Joy Say Young Hey 4. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Many Yet Why Bay They Enjoy 5. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Only Try Marry Yet Toy Carry 6. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Any Bay They Fly Yard Joy 7. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Silly Dry Toy Lay Youth They 8. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Why Hobby Joy Say Yet Bay 9. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Dry Ready Stay They Joy Youth 10. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Heavy Sky Enjoy Ray Toy Yard 11. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Happy Boy Sky Way Yet Bay 12. [ j ] [eı] [ ai ] [i] [ oi ]
Lay Marry Grey Joy Cry Yet
Uu
[ ju: ] [ Λ ]
tune bus
ur [ ə: ] turn
ure [ juə ]/ [ uə ] sure, cure
Uu
Uncle, bug, drums, sums, sun, drugs, rug, swum, cut, run, fun, trunk, dug, lungs, much, gun, nut
Tune, mute, duty, music, fuse, student
Turn, hurt, burn, turnip, fur
Sure, cure, pure
Uu
A ssume, brush, burn, but, church, cure, custom, dust, duty, endure, fun, fund, fur, gun, hurt, just, luck, lucky, lug, lungs, murder, mure, music, mute, nuts, publish, pure, purpose, refuse, rule, sum, sun, sunny, sure, surfing, survey, swum, trunk, tune, turn, uncle, use.
Проверочная работа
Прочитайте слова, запишите верное чтение гласной, выбрав из предложенных вариантов транскрипции
1. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ]
[ uə ]
but tune turn sun cure 2. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ]
[ uə ]
music hurt gun mute luck 3. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ]
[ uə ]
uncle fur sure tune nuts 4. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ]
[ uə ]
trunk lungs duty fur mure 5. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ] [uə ]
fun pure swum cure hurt 6. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ] [uə ]
sum lucky music turn pure 7. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ]
[ uə]
purpose dust rule endure just 8. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ]
[ uə ]
lug burn cure mure tune 9. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ]
[ uə]
fund burn assume murder mure 10. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ] [uə ]
publish use church refuse cure 11. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ]
[ uə ]
turn brush custom tune sure 12. [ Λ ] [ ju: ] [ ə: ] [ juə ] [uə ]
survey sunny surfing cure mute
Закрепление
Прочитайте слова
I тип чтения – открытый слог
Note, lone, mice, rice, type, tune, shy, lay, say, he, hay, name, same, nine, nice, game, came, make, Kate, Pete, five, tie, life, eve, me, size, no, cope, smoke, rose, nose, spine, sly, cry, vine, maze, home, tube, made, fume, cube, pace, lace, sky, hale, spine.
II тип чтения – закрытый слог
Cap, pen, bed, ten, not, spot, lot, bad, rat, sit, send, test, pit, in, send, spell, tin, less, ban, mad, fat, Sam, land, did, fit, sat, pet, tin, slip, sad, glad, bag, jam, gap, lag, can, kin, Jim, Jack, yes, ink, cup, run, cod, spin, not, doll, hop, hot, bank, rank, spin, up, us, bus, bun, cut, fun, vet, well, but, nut.
III тип чтения – гласная + буква “r”
Far, stern , curt, hard, hart, car, card, cart, fork, cork, sort, term, first, Byrd, fur, curl, her, curb, turn, girl, sir, burn, turn, born, torn, bird, form, serf, herb.
IV тип чтения – гласная + буква “r”+ гласная.
Fare , here, pure, rare , cure, during, mare, fire, bare, mire, stare ,tire, here, mere, store, core, more, care.
Буквосочетания
Day, book, meat, author, die, road, feet, salt, niece, mass, cold, dead, plain, ought, dear, snow, tall, carry, grey, fall, point, autumn, toy, chair, few, slight, town, fault, perch, past, mind, play, yet.
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