Read the questions and circle the correct answer. 1. The core of human intelligence is

1. The core of human intelligence is … .

a) a combination of variants; b) network technology; c) common sense;

d) PC operators

2. The term artificial intelligence is used to describe computers with the ability … .

a) to do thousands of operations; b) to mimic the functions of human brain;

c) to process graphic information; d) to model 3D environment

3. Artificial intelligence is a … … including several key components.

a) internet portal; b) automatized device; c) broad field; d) communication channel

4. Tasks for robots require a high degree of … .

a) precision; b) randomization; c) processing materials; d) network connection

5. A computer system that simulates the functioning of a human brain is called … .

a) proton system; b) Web system; c) neural network; d) graphic simulating system

2.Match the words with their synonyms.

3.Read the sentences choosing the correct word in bold type.

1. AI is the most far-reaching of all the game applications/technologies in its potential impact.

2. Intelligent behavior includes the abilities to learn from experience and apply this knowledge to new experiences/protection systems.

3. Artificial intelligence is a broad field that includes several key network protocols/components.

4. Learning systems use a combination/advantage of software and hardware.

5. An expert/vision system acts or behaves like a human expert in a field or area.

6. To replicate/replace human decision making for certain types of well-defined problems is the goal of building AI systems.

7. Vision systems permit to store and limit/manipulate images.

Give the Russian equivalents.

Find the answers to the questions.

1. What is the core of human intelligence?

2. Is the objective of creating AI systems to replace human decision making completely?

3. Which characteristics are typical for intelligent behavior?

4. An expert system behaves like a human expert in a field, does not it?

5. How do vision systems function?

Text B: Expert system

An expert system is a computer program that uses a database of knowledge to draw conclusions. In other words, an expert system reasons.

Expert systems can explain their reasoning or suggested decisions, display intelligent behavior, manipulate symbolic information and draw con­clusions from complex relationships, and deal with uncertainty. They are not yet widely used; some are difficult to use, are limited to relatively narrow problems, cannot readily deal with mixed knowledge, present the possibility for error, cannot refine their own knowledge base, are difficult to maintain, and may have high development costs. Their use also raises legal and ethical concerns.

An expert system consists of a collection of integrated and related components, including a knowledge base, an inference engine, an expla­nation facility, a knowledge acquisition facility, and a user interface. The knowledge base con­tains all the relevant data, rules, and relation­ships used in the expert system. The rules are often composed of if-then statements, which are used for drawing conclusions. Fuzzy logic allows expert systems to incorporate facts and relation­ships into expert system knowledge bases that may be imprecise or unknown.

The explanation facility of an expert system allows the user to understand what rules were used in arriving at a decision. The knowledge acquisition facility helps the user add or update knowledge in the knowledge base. The user interface makes it eas­ier to develop and use the expert system

Mark the following statements as true or false.

1. An expert system doesn’t reason.

2. Expert systems can draw conclusions from complex relationships.

3. They can refine their own knowledge base.

4. The user cannot understand what rules were used in arriving at a decision.

5. The knowledge base contains all the relevant data, rules and relationships used in the expert system.

Put the letters in the following words into the correct order.

Fill in the blanks choosing from the variants given.

1. An expert system consists of integrated and related … .

a) numbers; b) units; c) components; d) statements

2. They can … symbolic information and draw conclusions from complex relationships.

a) change; b) manipulate; c) perform; d) present

3. The user … makes it easier to develop and use the expert system.

a) decision; b) network; c) knowledge; d) interface

4. Expert systems can … intelligent behavior.

a) display; b) neglect; c) leave; d) require

5. The knowledge acquisition facility helps … add or update knowledge in the knowledge base.

a) the developer; b) the client; c) the expert; d) the user

6. Expert systems may have high … costs.

a) development; b) energy; c) system; d) network