TOPICS FOR CONVERSATION

1. A visit to a sick friend.

2. A visit to a throat (nerve, lung) specialist.

3. At the chemist’s.

4. Coming back to the classes after being ill.

5. The way you were treated for flue/pneumonia.

6. The way someone nursed when you were ill.

7. Suppose you’ve scalded your hand.

8. Imagine your neighbour has strained her arm/elbow.

The following phrases may be used in your dialogues:

He got as thin as a thread (rack)

As sound as a bell.

As fit as a fiddle.

You seem to radiate health (energy).

You are a mere shadow of your former self.

Good health is a great asset.

Try your hand in rhymes. Use the following as examples.

William is sick, he has the mumps,

But the doctor can’t tell the lumps from his bump,

He has given poor William an enormous, great pill,

If that doesn’t cure him, then nothing else will.

***

Caroline sits in the dentist’s chair,

And wishes that she wasn’t there,

She has a bad tooth which is very sore,

And now she is worried that there may be some more.

***

Role plays

Role-play I.

For all wishing to enter an Institute a medical examination is compulsory. Play out your visit to a polyclinic to get the necessary medical clearance (dentist’s, surgery, therapeutist, nerve doctor, etc.).

As a result of the medical examination the head doctor makes out a slip which certifies that the bearer has been examined by the medical commission and has been found physically fit to enter the Institute.

Role-play II. «See how good you look with President Glasses».

«President» dealer has come to your group. Listen to the information and ask questions about the product, service, recommendations, choose eye glasses for yourself if you need it.

Agent: -If you find reading or close work is becoming increasingly more difficult, President ready-to-wear reading glasses are the perfect solution. Simply select from a range of classic or designer styles in strength to suit your eyes. This means you can instantly solve your problem and look good too, from as little as £9.99.

Presbyopia is a common problem. As we get older one’s eyes lose their ability to focus properly on objects, close up. This condition is called «presbyopia» or «ageing eyes». It is perfectly normal and affects us all around the age of 40. Choosing a pair of ready-to-wear glasses from our self-selection display stand is the simple, economical answer to the problem.

On our display stand you’ll find a reading chart that helps you select the strength of lens you require - you simply choose the frames you like best! What’s more, you do not need a prescription as leading eye specialists agree that ready-to-wear glasses are perfectly safe.

What a choice! A stylish range of quality, value for money. President glasses for both ladies and men are available right now in a wide variety of colours. They come in two price ranges: £9.99 and £12.99. Just think of all those situations where an extra pair of glasses would really come in handy at work for instance. Why not keep a spare pair where you need them most such as in the sewing box, the glove compartment, your hand-bag or briefcase?

Role-play III «At The Exhibition-Sale»: «New Massagers - Goods for your Health»

Top manager opening speech: Multifunctional massage chairs, electronic belt massagers, electronic blood circulation purifiers, electronic foot vibrators, (kneading) portable massagers are designed to provide a traditional Chinese finger-pressure massage by stimulating acupuncture points on the back. They are highly effective for treating chronic ailments and are helpful in expanding the joints, promoting blood-circulation, eliminating fatigue and increasing health and fitness. I hope you will find interesting and useful information at our exhibition. We shall equip you with first-hand knowledge about the product. And we hope to meet among you our future customers.

Dr. Tang Mu-hsiu: According to traditional Chinese medicine, the channels and pressure points at other end of the spine are directly linked to the body’s organs. Massaging the spine facilitates the free flow of fluid in the channels, which is important in maintaining good health!

Dr. J. Brown: According to modern Western medicine, the spine and the organs are connected by numerous nerve fibers. Massaging the spine promotes blood circulation, which helps to maintain and protect the normal operation of the body’s organs.

Stand I: The massage chairs are designed according to the structure of the spine and the principles of human engineering. Our massage chairs can be adjusted in angle from 115 to 150 degrees for sitting or lying down, according to personal preference, for greater pleasure and a more comfortable massage. The chairs are supplied with micro-computerized Touch Control. A revolutionary new design in electronic technology. Attractive, durable and easy to use!

Stand II: Here you can see a very effective electronic belt massager. It can be used for an attractive physique and good circulation. It is truly indispensable for the modern family. This is Electronic Blood-Circulation Purifier. It has three functions: foot massage, heat acupuncture, and static electricity. Very helpful for treating chronic ailments, promoting blood circulation.

Stand III: Hello! Let me describe Electronic Foot Vibrator. The functions are the following: foot sole vibrator, electric heat adjustable, hand vibrator. It is very effective in eliminating fatigue, increasing fitness. We have a portable massager on display too, so called «kneading» massager. It magically combines the functions of a portable massager and a foot massager. It relieves tension, promotes blood circulation, massages muscles and makes your whole body relaxed. It massages upwards and downwards! It is very adjustable! One of the most effective functions is foot sole acupuncture.

Russian dealer,

interpreter: Мы предлагаем Вам, не выходя из кресла, бороться с такими врагами как усталость, нервные срывы, плохое настроение, избыточный вес, невозможность занятий физкультурой при заболеваниях сердечно-сосудистой системы. При этом Вы получите удовольствие и расслабление. В соответствии с результатами многолетних медицинских исследований в различных странах 80% хронических заболеваний берут свое начало в области позвоночника. Массаж - мощное средство, которое воздействует на эти точки и каналы в области позвоночника, повышает уровень кислорода в крови, уменьшает напряжение мышц, вызванное усталостью и неправильным положением тела. Массажеры - это новая отрасль таких крупнейших производителей электроники как «Нэшэнл Панасоник», «Такасима». Эта продукция начинает завоевывать наш рынок. Это вклад в Ваше здоровье! Это Ваш личный массажист! Я надеюсь на успех выставки и на то, что многие из Вас станут нашими покупателями.

 

Test Yourself (time 30-40min.-max 40 points)

Task1.Read a magazine article about a common illness. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each part(1-7)of the article. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. (20 minutes, 14points)

A Teenagers more at risk

B How safe is vaccination?

C Double protection for school children.

D Are we in for another epidemic?

E We can beat the epidemic.

F Can it be treated?

G Who suffers?

H Many still in danger.

I Look out for these symptoms.

MEASLES

0_____________D________________________

There’s still danger of a measles epidemic affecting many children. Measles isn’t just about suffering a few spots and a slight temperature. It can be a really miserable and even dangerous illness. The epidemic can cause thousands of serious complications- and even deaths. Fortunately it can be stopped as a highly effective and safe vaccine is available. The Department of Health is about to launch a big immunization campaign: every schoolchild from five to sixteen will be offered the vaccine. Vaccination is very important.

1_____

It starts like a feverish cold. The child feels really unwell and has a high temperature and a cough. After three or four days, red spots appear, usually starting on the head and neck, and spread over the body. The glands are usually swollen. This lasts for four or five days and then fades as the fever and other symptoms subside.

2_____

It can cause serious complications. Apart from middle ear infection, sinusitis and bronchitis, it can lead to pneumonia and, occasionally, inflammation of the brain- encepfalitis. The illness is often worse in older children and teenagers, and they are more likely to suffer complications.

3_____

Measles is caused by a virus, and can not be cured by antibiotics, although a course may be necessary to deal with any bacteria that try to take advantage of the situation. The only treatment is rest, plenty to drink, and paracetamol to help bring down the fever.

4_____

Vaccination gives more than 95% protection. The trouble is that mass vaccination was only started in 1988 and aimed at toddlers and pre-school children. This means that in England alone, there are about eight million older children who’ve missed out and are therefore at risk.

5____

The vaccination antigens have been routinely used for more than 20 years. And adverse effects, like a high temperature or rash, are extremely unlikely. If a child is already immune, it will simply boost its immunity. Only a few children who have severe allergies should steer clear of the vaccine.

6____

The campaign starts in November. Teams of doctors and nurses throughout the country will go into every school, offering each child the vaccination. The double vaccine not only protects against measles, but also rubella(German measles), the virus that is particularly dangerous for pregnant women.

7_____

Providing every child accepts the treatment, we’ll have a whole generation of children who are immune to the disease. Most adults are already immune because they had measles as children, so there will be very few unprotected people left. The epidemic will be stopped in its tracks.

 

Task 2. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word to fill the blank in the same line.(5min. 7points)

1. To the patient’s_________ he realized the treatment would be long. ANNOY

2. Smoking has a _________ effect on people’s health. DISASTER

3. Animals have a natural instinct for_________. SURVIVE

4. Years of unhealthy eating has caused___________ damage to REVERSE

his health.

5. It’s quite difficult sometimes to choose adequate________ . TREAT

6. Epidemics can often be__________or controlled by immunization. PREVENT

7. Poliomyelitis, an__________viral disease of the central nervous INFECT

system, is almost neutralized.

 

Task 3. Fill in the blanks with proper alternatives.( 10 min.\ 10 points)

Having a bad toothache can really ruin your day. The annoying pain won’t go away, it can put you in a bad(1)______. Fortunately there are lots of things you can do to (2)_______ the pain. Try to determine what is causing the pain first. Some of the(3)_______ for a bad toothache include gum disease, cracked teeth, cavities, exposed roots, and the like. The pain may be so bad that you can’t (4)_______on anything other than the pain and you really want to make a(n) (5)_______ with your dentist to determine where the pain is coming from and how you can (6)________ it. In most situations people with a bad toothache simply have a cavity, then you’ll need to have a dentist(7)______ it. A cavity is when a hole is worn into the dentin and enamel as a result of plaque and bacteria. The bacteria are actually (8)_______ for cavities because they help wear away the dentin and enamel. A bad toothache occurs when the bacteria eats a big enough hole in a tooth to start(9)______ the person some serious pain. At this point the dentist can diagnose the pain and treat it through filling the cavity.You can prevent cavities by always brushing your teeth and having problems(10)________ with as soon as they happen.

1. A circumstances B mood C condition D appliance

2. A ruin B put aside C relieve D take on

3. A causes B sauces C springs D reasons

4. A prevent B attack C attain D focus

5. A contract B appointment C call D preparation

6. A treat B reveal C do D cope

7. A fill B make C cure D close

8. A entering B ready C responsible D responsive

9. A realizing B filling C doing D causing

10. A dealt B coped C decided D appointing

 

Task 4.Choose the correct word from the list to fill the blanks.(6min. 9points)

Fracture\sprain\pull\scratch\bruise\remedy\recovery\care\aftercare

1. _________ is very important in cases like that.

2. Full________ may not be possible but we expect partial_______ .

3. The patient is receiving intensive ________ .

4. The ________ was a great success.

5. We have tried all _________ but none worked.

6. He ________ his hand while boxing.

7. His leg _________ in two places when he fell.

8. She fell and _________ her ankle.

9. He has ________ his heart doing all that heavy work.

 

 

Module IV

Capital Cities

LONDON OVERVIEW

"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can afford", wrote Samuel Johnson in 1777. He would recognize the great sights on both sides of the Thames winding its way downstream from Hampton Court and the Houses of Parliament to St Paul's, London Bridge and the Tower of Greenwich and the sea.

When H.G. Wells wrote in 1911 that "London is the most interesting beautiful and wonderful city in the world", horsedrawn carriages and Edwardian splendour were on their way out. The 20^th century was about to enforce dramatic changes on the London skyline — skyscrapers in the City, the Post Office Tower, an arts centre on the South Bank and Docklands, the business centre for the 21^st century.

Yet, London, the world's capital, has kept its heart. Johnson would still be able to drink coffee in Covent Garden, or meander through the City's narrow streets to churches and livery companies with echoes of Medieval days. H.G. Wells might, today, listen to debates in the Houses of Parliament, attend a concert in the Albert Hall or listen to a military band in a royal park. Today London is a sprawling, cosmopolitan metropolis, about 625 square miles, an exciting world which many visitors from abroad see first from the sky, surprised that the ribbon-like Thames is so curvaceous and a score of bridges so decorative. Down there seven million people are at home, not in anonymous suburbs but in the Cities of London and Westminster and in districts which have remnants of their countrified past, in Marylebone and Kensington, Hampstead and Highgate with their own high streets and historic monuments resembling famous men and women who built a London which each generation discovers anew. Documented history goes back to the time when Westminster was still a marsh. The Romans had inhabited the land which became the City, building a bridge across the Thames by AD 60 and creating a celebrated centre of commerce filled with traders. Westminster, established as a royal palace shortly before the invasion of William the Conqueror in 1066, gradually grew in importance as it became the seat of government, beside the Thames and next door to Westminster Abbey a couple of miles from the City.

Big Ben, the voice of London, has been telling the time to the second since 1859. Construction of the 320 foot clock tower began in the year Queen Victoria came to the throne, 1837, as part of the reconstruction of the Houses of Parliament following the devastating fire of 1834. Clock designer, Sir Edmund Grimthorpe, the architect and clockmaker all died before the 13 ½ ton bell was mounted behind the four clock faces, which each measure 23 feet square.

The Great Bell cracked, was recast and cracked again, giving us the famous, flawed, resonating boom. Why Big Ben? There are two answers — either can be chosen. It could have been named after Sir Benjamin Hall, chief commissioner of works at that time, and a Welshman of great girth. Or, perhaps, it was named by workmen who brought the bell from White Chapel Foundry on a cart pulled by 16 white horses. Their hero of the day was Benjamin Caunt, a 17 stone prize fighter (~108 kilo).

Task I. Give the Russian equivalents to,

1. …the Thames, winding its way downstream ... and the sea.

2. The 20^th century was about to enforce dramatic changes on the London skyline...

3. many visitors from abroad see (it) first from the sky, surprised that the ribbon-like Thames is so curvaceous and a score of bridges so decorative.

4.... seven million people are at home, not in anonymous suburbs but in the Cities of London and Westminster and in districts which have remnants of their countrified past...

5. Westminster, established as a royal palace shortly before the invasion of William the Conqueror in 1066, gradually grew in importance as it became the seat of government...

6. It could have been named after Sir Benjamin Hall, chief commissioner of works at that time...

Task II. Read the text and answer the questions:

I. Has London changed beyond recognition since Johnson's times?

2. How had London changed since Sir Johnson's and H. Wells’ times?

3. What does each generation discover anew in London of today?

4. How far back does documented history go?

5. Why is Big Ben called the voice of London? What is known about it throughout history?

London's history

Year
AD 43		The Romans came to London. They built a bridge across the Thames
		The Romans leave London
		London workmen built the first Sr. Paul's Cathedral
		William the Conqueror comes to England front Normandy in France. In Westminster Abbey he takes the English crown
	2.1097	Workmen built the White Tower at the Tower of London
	3.1349	10000 Londoners die in a plague-the "Black Death"
		William Caxton prints his first book in London
		The first real theatre opens in London
		Execution of king Charles I in London
		The people want a king again. Charles II comes to London
		Death comes to London again. 100,00 Londoners die in the "Great Plague"
		The great Fire of London. London loses St. Paul's Cathedral and 88 churches in a big fire
	4.1711	Workmen built crew St. Paula Cathedral
		The Bank of England opens in the City of London
		The British Museum opens in London
		The population of London is 864,000
		Sir Robert Peel puts the first policeman on London streets
		London's first railway station opens
		The first underground trams main London
		The population of London is now 3,330,000
		Elizabeth II is the new queen The population of London is 8,000,000
		The population of London is 6,700,000. People are moving out of central London

 

Task I. Think if you could continue filling in the table with the events up to the present days...?

The River Thames

The Thames, described variously as "liquid history" and the "noblest river in Europe" is graced in London with a score of bridges, tunnels and barriers, but until 1750, when the first Westminster Bridge opened, London Bridge was the one and only. The first one built in stone from 1176 to 1209 became renowned throughout Europe for its houses and a chapel dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury, it had a sinister aspect. Decapitated heads of traitors were on fortified gates. While the dismantled 1823 — 31 bridge, built by Sir John Rennie, was re-erected at Lake Havasu City, Arizona, a new one was installed made of pre-stressed concrete cantilevers.

Several of London's bridges have special features — Hammersmith Bridge has ornamental metal work and Vauxhall has larger than life bronze figures, representing pottery, engineering, architecture, agriculture, science, fine arts, local government and education. Among the boats that ply the river, few attract more attention than the Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Race.

London's newest riparian monument is the Peace Pagoda built in Battersea park (on the far side from Chelsea) by Buddhist monks. The double roofed pagoda, 110 feet high is being joined by a Japanese garden: part of an international chain of peace.

Info box

London Bridges:

Lamberth Bridge, Westminster Bridge, Waterloo Bridge, Blackfriars Bridge, Southwark Bridge, London Bridge, Tower Bridge