EDUCATION IN MODERN WORLD

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of education in the modern world. Education has become the leading power of the technological progress and thus of the whole development of the humanity.

There are different levels of education in our country: pre-school, primary, secondary and a higher one.

Pre-school education comprises nurseries and kindergartens. Children there are looked after by professional nannies and educators. They are often taught to read and count.

There are different kinds of schools in Russia. All schools begin with primary education. It lasts up to the 5th form. The most of pupils go to secondary schools, others choose lyceums, gymnasiums, specialized schools. If pupils finish a secondary school successfully, they get a secondary education certificate. It gives them an opportunity to enter a university or an academy which are the institutions of a higher education.

Higher education institutions nowadays prepare Specialists, Bachelors and Masters. A diploma of a higher education makes it possible to find a better job.

The systems of education are not similar in different countries. In Britain there are three stages of schooling. The British have primary school, secondary school and post-secondary education. The latter includes further and higher education.

In the USA the system of education is very decentralized. That means every state has its own education laws. Generally, they have got elementary schools (6-11 years), intermediate schools (11-15 years) and senior high schools (9-12 grades). There are several ways to continue education: universities, colleges, community colleges, technical and vocational schools.

 

1. Why is education so important in modern world?

2. What levels of education are there in our country?

3. What does pre-school education comprise?

4. What kinds of schools are there in Russia?

5. Whom does higher education institutions prepare?

6. Is there any difference between educational systems in different countries?

 

VI. Письменно переведите текст.

Cinema

At the end of the XIX century the cinema started to gain its popularity. First motion pictures were very short, lasting for about a minute. They were black and white and silent. A few years later the duration of the films was already 15-20 minutes.

There are several types of films, such as short films, documentaries and feature films.

Short films may be considered as a separate genre. A lot of professionalism is required to convey a whole range of emotions within 15-20 minutes.

Documentaries are based on real stories and facts. Usually these are the films about historical events, famous people and so on. Educational films also relate to this category.

Feature films are the films where actors play a certain part. There are many different genres of feature films such as melodrama, comedy, thriller and other ones.

The rapid development of the cinema of Russia started at the beginning of the XXI century. A lot of films are aimed at large audience and are mostly entertaining. There are plenty of high-quality films.

Hollywood is the most popular film production place in the world. Every year thousands of films are created there. Hollywood films are full of special effects which attract millions of people to the cinemas.

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка.

1. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

2. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

3. Perfect Continuous Tenses (Active Voice)

4. Согласование времен.

 

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимания на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий, а также конструкции, содержащие the…the; as…as.

 

1. The new class of electors had different and greater demands than those of the existing middle-class electors.

2. He spent much more money for defense than he expected.

3. Go to our office and choose the most reliable document.

4. The more I read it the more astonished I was.

5. He was as nervous as never in his life before the exam.

6. She is the most experienced specialist I have ever met.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. The technology must be sufficiently flexible to provide useful results at many different levels of technological development.

2. Our goal is to provide the best service possible to our clients. Thus, we are able to carry out any necessary repairs.

3. Astronomy and solar physics should permit a global vision of the universe and a better understanding of how it evolved.

4. Additional calculations may be necessary.

5. The mechanic is asking if he is allowed to go now.

6. Science can explain everything nowadays.

 

III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We are all agreed on the need for change, we have been discussing it for years.

2. They had been correcting their mistakes for half an hour.

3. The Olympic Ideal has been living in the hearts of the Greek people for more than 30 centuries.

4. He will already have been learning German for four years when he enters the Institute.

5. The clerk has been collecting information on this matter of law for a month.

6. The had still been debating that matter long after the meeting was over.

IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода косвенной речи.

 

1. I thought they wouldn't come.

2. She wanted to know if it was connected to the symbols.

3. But when we got there he said he was thirsty.

4. He wondered if the agreement had been signed.

5. We were sure he would demand a ransom.

6. The Prime Minister announced that he would resign within a few weeks.

 

V. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

Mass Media

Mass media can be defined as channels of communication with the help of which information is delivered to the audience.

Despite today's abundance and variety of mass media, not everything can be ranked as such. Thus, for example, libraries or press conferences cannot be attributed to mass media.

There are 3 main features which characterize mass media. First, they must be periodic. Second, they are always aimed at a large audience. Third, there must be a speaker or any other source of information.

Press is a classic form of mass media. It includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and all other printed publications issued with a specific periodicity. Unfortunately, with the development of Internet and other means of media, press is experiencing difficult times.

Another category includes radio, television and Internet. Radio is a popular means of media, especially when travelling or driving. Television is, without any doubt, the most effective one with the biggest audience of all. Nowadays, with Internet playing a significant part in our life, mass media is gradually moving into virtual space.

It is difficult to overestimate the role of mass media in our life. Media influence people's consciousness, creating a certain public opinion. They also play a great role in the formation of a personality. With the help of mass media, it becomes possible to quickly learn about things that happen around the world.

 

1. What is mass media?

2. Name the main features of mass media.

3. What is the classic form of mass media?

4. What does press include?

5. What does another category of mass media include?

6. What is the role of mass media in our life?

 

VI. Письменно переведите текст.

Computer

Computers appeared in people’s life not long ago. In the middle of the 20th century common people had no idea about them. In 1951 the first commercially available computer was introduced. In 1975 personal computers appeared.

It is hard to imagine modern life without computers. The sphere of their application is very wide.

Most offices are equipped with computers to make calculations and work with documentation. Surgical operations which were not previously possible are performed thanks to computer technologies. Technologies are also used in modern education both by students and teachers.

Teenagers use computers for many purposes. Firstly, they play computer games, watch cartoons and films. Secondly, they do school tasks, read books and find various information on the Internet.

A comparatively new trend is communicating online. Such applications as Skype give an opportunity to talk to people who may be very far away in real time.

Computers do not have only a positive influence on children. One of the threats is being captured by a virtual reality. Some kids spend so much time at the computer that they forget about real people around them.

Consequently, they will lack important social skills in the future. Sitting at the computer children spoil their eyes and posture. So, adults should be very attentive to how long their kids use computers.

 

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимания на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий, а также конструкции, содержащие the…the; as…as.

 

1. The new class of electors had different and greater demands than those of the existing middle-class electors.

2. He spent much more money for defense than he expected.

3. Go to our office and choose the most reliable document.

4. The more I read it the more astonished I was.

5. He was as nervous as never in his life before the exam.

6. She is the most experienced specialist I have ever met.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. We mustcreate; we must build; we mustinnovate.

2. On the other hand, we agree that a decision does not have to be made right now.

3. Nuclear tests mustcease and mustcease immediately.

4. Market forces mayalso affect wage levels.

5. They are also allowed to have a bank account.

6. We candemonstrate that cooperation canwork and that it cangenerate economic growth.

 

III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. UNESCO has been collecting science and technology statistics from its member countries since the late 1990s.

2. They have been waiting for the decision of the Committee for an hour and a half.

3. We will have been having dinner for half an hour when you call for us.

4. This is the breakthrough we have been waiting for.

5. She had been searching for him since he ran off with Trixie.

6. The Government had been collecting information

7. I had been reading a magazine for some time when she came.

 

IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода косвенной речи.

 

1. Bruce confirmed that she had been living there for 2 years.

2. He said that he had worked the day before.

3. Mom said that Tom was tired because he had studied hard.

4. My son said that he had read the book twice.

5. They answered thatthey were looking for a place to live.

6. He said that he would be with me whatever what.

 

V. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

 

 

Television

 

The first attempts to get an image on the screen were made in the late XIX century. But the large-scale production of the first televisions did not start until 1930s. Soon, with the development of science and technologies, television became an essential part of our life.

Today, it is hard not to get lost in this diverse TV world. Thus, there is high definition television, which is characterized by images and sound of high quality. There is also smart-TV – television with integrated Internet. There is also 3D-television, which can only be watched with the help of special goggles.

Television is one of the mass media with the largest audience of all.

Due to its accessibility everyone can watch television despite their age and social status. Some people get an update on the latest news; others watch soap operas and talk-shows.

However, television does not exist for information and entertainment only. It can also be educational. That is why students and little children may find it useful as well.

Television came to our life about 100 years ago, but nowadays there is hardly a household without a TV set. Despite the development of other sources of information, TV remains one of the most important ones.

 

1. When did the large-scale production of televisions start?

2. What is the high definition television characterized by?

3. What is a smart - TV?

4. Why can everyone watch television?

5. What does television exist for?

6. What is one of the most important source of information nowadays?

 

VI. Письменно переведите текст.

Internet

There is hardly anyone who has never heard about Internet. A lot of people use Internet every day, among those students and teachers, children and businesspeople, housewives and pensioners.

Internet is a storehouse of every sort and kind of information and possibilities. With the help of Internet, we can communicate with those, who are far away, we can read books, watch films, shop without leaving the house. Some people work on the Internet, others treat it as a source of inspiration and personal development.

Internet helps us keep up to date. However, there are not only positive things to say about Internet.

Unfortunately, some people become incredibly dependent on it. They live in the, so-called, virtual reality, forgetting about their everyday responsibilities. Choosing to have Internet in our life, we must remember that too much pudding will choke the dog.

It is difficult to imagine what else Internet can surprise us with, however, one can be sure that its potential has not been fully discovered yet. Whether it will be something useful and necessary will depend on us.

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 4

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка.

1. Неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.

2. Функции глаголов . should, would

3. Типы условных предложений.

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.

 

1. There isn’t anything in the table.

2. Somebody is speaking at the door.

3. Did you flight anywhere last year? No, I didn’t, but I’m planning to go somewhere this year.

4. Have you got any interesting books?

5. She asked me some questions.

6. Mary didn’t make any mistakes in the test.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, употребляя some , any , no .

1. Are there … pictures in your album?

2. We brought … good books from the library.

3. There are … people in the park because it is cold.

4. I can see … children in the yard. They are jogging .

5. Give me … juice, please. I am thirsty.

III. Переведите письменно следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Дайте мне что-нибудь посмотреть.

2. Боюсь, она ничего не знает об этом.

3. Может ли кто-нибудь перевести это предложение?

4. У вас нет свободных мест? К сожалению, ничего не могу вам сейчас предложить.

5. Не хотите ли еще торта? Спасибо, но я больше не хочу.

6. В этом году мои родители посадили кое-какие цветы, но не сажали никаких овощей.

7. У него нет никаких причин сердиться на вас.

IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.

 

1. He said that he would come at ten o'clock.

2. I told them that at two o'clock the following day I should be having a music lesson.

3. He said yesterday that by the time we were back he would have finished the letter.

4. We asked her several times to be careful, but she wouldn’t listen to us.

5. You shouldn’t give the children everything they want.

V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы have to , has to или had to .

 

1. Susan can’t see us quite well. She … put on my glasses.

2. In London we … drive on the left side. In Moscow we … drive on the right side.

3. Jack … wear a uniform to his company.

4. Не knew he had to stay in because his friend was going to ring him up.

VI. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы must , mustn ’ t .

 

1. Kate looks pale. I think she … see the doctor.

2. It’s very slippery outside. We … run there.

3. You … throw litter on the pavement.

4. Pupils … look neat and clean at school.

5. You … make noise in the book store.

VII. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы mustn ’ t , don ’ t have to .  Вставьте модальные глаголы.

 

1. You … leave your kids unattended at the railway station.

2. We … be late for the interview.

3. She … eat the soup if she doesn’t want to.

4. He … shout at us.

5. We … run. We have plenty of time before the concert.

VIII. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Раскройте скобки в условных предложениях 2 и 3 типа и поставьте глаголы в правильную форму.

 

1. If you … (have) a diploma, you … (get) this job.

2. My cat … (be) 10 years old today if it … (be) alive.

3. You … (not have) a car accident if you … (choose) another road.

4. I … (visit) Kate yesterday if I … (know) that she was ill.

5. I … (go) to the doctor if I … (be) you.

6. If people … (not buy) guns, the world … (become) safer.

 

IX. Прочитайте и выполните задания по тексту.