Land Use Planning as an Instrument of the Technical Cooperation

       The basic understanding or model drawn up by the "Working Group on Integrated Land Use Planning" is stated as follows:

       Land use planning is an iterative process based on the dialogue amongst all stockholders aiming at the negotiation and decision for a sustainable form of land use in rural areas as well as initiating and monitoring its implementation. Land use planning provides the prereq­uisites for achieving a sustainable form of land use. This text gives the presentation of the basic principles of land use planning, such as the principle of the iterative nature of the process or the guidance for im­plementation. It also gives a sound and integrated picture of the land use planning process.

       Wherever groups of people use land and its resources, land use is planned, being aware of it or not. Land use does not consider produc­tion only, but also land functions, such as protected areas, land recrea­tion, road building, waste disposal sides and use-restricted areas, such as buffer zones for regeneration groundwater, buffer zones for traffic noise, pollution, etc.

       Land use planning is not only practiced when national authorities intervene or as a result of development cooperation projects. Land use planning happens in every society, even if the term is not used. Land useplanning deals with cases in which an intervention occurs in order to improve land use and to sustain natural resources. In the past, decisions made on land use have resulted in the degradation of land resources, or an imbalance between supply and demand of those resourc­es. Here, land use planning is understood as an instrument of the tech­nical cooperation used in the following types of projects:

       - resources management (forestry, production systems compatible with resources and agroforestry, pasture management, nature protection and erosion control);

       - rural regional development;

       - community support and village development;

       - government consultation (environmental strategy planning, agricultural sector planning, assessment of land potential).

       These land use planning-guidelines are not intended to standardize and impose compulsory procedures for all conceivable variants. They appear more appropriate to offer support for different situations, taking intoconsideration the specific conditions of the technical cooperation. In addition, the exact role and scope of land use planning within the technical cooperation has still to be determined according to the context and local conditions by those responsible for planning and imple­mentation of projects.

4. Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов:

       Do, negotiation, organization, attain, principle, achieve, enterprise, new, talk, core, make, modern.

5. Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов:

       Direct, regard, wide, unsuitable, narrow, rural, indirect, balance, suitable, disregard, imbalance, urban.

6. Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:

       Скрытые недостатки планирования, ориентированное на диалогобучение, подготовка плановых документов, относительно низкаязначимость, повторяющееся планирование, существенный элемент, выполнение плана, экологическое планирование площади, приниматься по-разному, обязательные процедуры, шум дорожного движения, научно обоснованный экономический смысл, развитие деревни, техническое сотрудничество.

7. Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:

1. Я не хочу получать лишнюю базу данных. 2. Землеустройство — это повторяющийся процесс. 3. Повторяющийся процесс требует гибкости в землеустройстве. 4. Сельские районы характеризуются сельскохозяйственным производством. 5. Решение кон­фликтов — важный политический фактор. 6. Землеустройство — инструмент технического сотрудничества. 7. Землеустроительный процесс включает оценку земли. 8. Землеустроители должны уде­лять внимание распространению сельскохозяйственной продук­ции.

8. Преобразуйте предложения в Future Simple Tense :

1. Land use planning is an iterative process. 2. The land use planning process includes land assessment. 3. The most important target group in land use planning is made up of the direct users. 4. Rural areas are characterized by agricultural and forestry production. 5. A land use planner carries out different projects. 6. Great attention is paid to the distribution of the production. 7. This applies particularly to major infrastructural measures.

Образуйте имена существительные от следующих глаголов:

       То apply, to arrange, to organize, to invest, to contribute, to secure, to justify, to define, to determine, to protect, to limit, to provide, to develop, to implement, to present.

10. Заполните пропуски , используя слова : economically, improve, principles, influence, rural.

1. People often have economic or political ... 2. Measures should be ... justified. 3. The government tries to ... living conditions of peo­ple. 4. The presentation of the basic ... is given.

5. Land use planning is used in ... regional development.