Environmental Protection

       Scientific and technological progress of the twenty-first century resulted in widespread mechanization, automated lines computerized management, spaceships, atomic power stations, pipelines, new roads and highways.

       But it can not be denied that the price for rapid industrial develop­ment is very high: natural resources are exhausted, the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed; some species of flora and fauna disappear;city and industry waters, chemicals and fertilizers are endangering lakes, rivers and ponds. Big cities have a problem with air pollution: the "Killer Smog" caused some 3 500 — 4000 deaths in London in December,1952. Progress can be blamed for all these environmental problems.

       In recent years the pollution problems have received great publicity. The Environmental movement associated with no political party has gained widespread trust and support. Environmental activities stress that the problem is caused by industrial pollution and the automobile. Long-established environmental groups warn that acid rains threaten many forests. The media's begun to campaign against the ugliness of billboards, tin cans and trash. Many people started to realize that to keepair and water clean, strict pollution control is necessary.

       The protection of natural resources and wildlife is becoming a political program in every country. Numerous antipollution acts passed in different countries led to considerable improvements in environment. In many countries purifying systems for treatment of industrial waters havebeen installed, measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil waters. Wildlife reservation models of undisturbed nature are being developed in some parts of the world.

       But the environmental problems have grown beyond the concern of a single country. Their solution requires the cooperation of all nations.

4. Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов :

       Protect, trash, litter, defense, impoverish, exhaust, controversy, discussion, combat, fight, tillage, treatment.

5. Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов:

       Adoption, reduce, unbalanced, steep, management, unnoticed, mismanagement, non-adoption, gentle, balanced, reversible, increase, disturbed, noticed, irreversible, disappear, undisturbed, decomposition, appear, composition.

6. Переведите следующие словосочетания с русского языка на английский:

       Овражная эрозия, научный и технический прогресс, проблемы загрязнения, широко распространенное доверие и поддержка, экологический баланс, подвергать опасности, кислотные дожди, заповедник дикой природы, сотрудничество всех государств, быстрое промышленное развитие, обработка промышленных вод, консервные банки, компания против уродства досок для объявлений, очистительные системы.

7. Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:

       1. Проблемы загрязнения получили большую огласку. 2. Существуют разные виды эрозии. 3. Эрозия почвы увеличивается, если нет растительного покрова. 4. Меры консервации могут уменьшить опасность эрозии почвы как водной, так и ветровой. 5. Правильные методы обработки и земледелия могут решить проблемы эрозии почвы на фермах. 6. Почвенная эрозия - этоестественный процесс. 7. Ветровая эрозия зависит от разных факторов. 8. Овражная эрозия — наиболее драматическая демонстрация эрозии.

8. Определите, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова:

       Unnoticed, detachment, emission, improvement, industrial, disturbed, pollution, reservation, deforestation, depletion, environmental, twentieth, disappear, different, installation, requirement, considerable.

9. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова:

       1. Many, in, purifying, been, have, installed, countries, systems. 2. Price, industrial, rapid, high, development, the, for, is, very. 3. Received, have, recently, the, great, pollution, publicity, problems. 4. Ecological, of, planet, the, disturbed, is, balance, the. 5. Been, to, measures, from, protect, have, and, rivers, sees, waters, taken, oil. 6. The, requires, nations, the, all, cooperation, solution, of. 7. Different, in, antipollution, countries, acts, passed.

10.   Образуйте причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени данных глаголов:

То lead, to take, to grow, to exhaust, to mean, to protect, to lose,to occur, to cover, to have, to consider.

11. Задайте к каждому предложению по пять вопросов:

       1. Numerous antipollution acts passed in different countries. 2. Theenvironmental problems are caused by industrial pollution. 3. Purifying systems have been installed for treatment of industrial waters. 4. The solution requires the cooperation of all nations. 5. In recent years the pollution problems have received great publicity. 6. Measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil water.

12. Преобразуйте предложения, изменив форму глаголов-сказуемых из действительного залога в страдательный:

       1.Specialists have just installed purifying systems for treatment of industrial waters. 2. Recently workers have taken necessary measures to protectrivers and seas from oil waters. 3. Acid rains threaten many forests.4. In some parts of the world people are developing wildlife reservation models of undisturbed nature now. 5. The solution of the environmental problems requires the cooperation of all nations.

13. Ответьте на следующие вопросы :

       1. What are advantages of industrial development? 2. What are dis­advantages of industrial development? 3. What do Environmental activists do? 4. What has been done to improve the environment in many countries?5. Why do the environmental problems require the coopera­tion of all nations?

THEME 13

1. Прочитайте следующие слова :

       Combustion, ignition, explosion, implicit, attenuation, hamper, priority, contamination, chemical, remediation, highlight, pollution, constraint, probability, delay, representation, cleaning-up, multifunctionality.

3. Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:

       Remediation strategy, pose no harm to humans, a growing aware­ness; chemical properties, planning constraint, dispersion of pollution, due to air emission, to restore multifunctionality, industrialized countries, increase in productivity, may hinder, specific developments, economic burden, environmental balance.