Объедините слова из двух колонок так, чтобы получились фразы. Переведите выражения на русский язык.

Напишите названия достопримечательностей Лондона, о которых говорится в следующих предложениях.

1. It’s a big bell which weighs 13,720 kilograms. It has a deep tone and you can hear it on the radio.

2. It’s a church near the Houses of Parliament. The legend says it was founded by St. Peter. Most British kings and queens were crowned there.

3. In the early days of England the English kings lived there. Then it was a prison where many people died. Black ravens had much food near the walls of it.

4. The country’s leaders speak there.

5. It’s next to the Tower of London. It opens and ships go up and down the river Thames.

6. It is the official residence of Her Majesty the Queen and her family.

7. It houses one of the finest art collections in the world.

21. Ответьте на вопросы по теме «Лондон».

1. Name the famous river in London.

2. Name three main parts of London.

3. What do you know about the City?

4. Who was the architect of Saint Paul’s Cathedral?

5. Whose statue can you see in Trafalgar Square?

6. What is the Tower of London famous for?

7. Where does the coronation of all Queens and kings take place?

8. Where is the seat of the British Parliament?

9. What places of interest would you like to visit and why?

10. How can you characterize London using only 3 adjectives?

Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст со словарем.

The History of London

London was first built on two low hills on the north bank of the Thames. Although the river was just shallow enough to ford, its south side was marshy and enemies found it difficult to launch a surprise attack. So a settlement grew up on these two hills, and in the course of tome a wall was built around them and the settlement became the town which the Romans called Londinium. On one of these hills St. Paul’s Cathedral now stands and on the other the Bank of England.

Although Londinium was quite an important Roman town, it was Winchester that was the capital of Anglo-Saxon England. In the 11^th century William the Conqueror made London his capital and was crowned King there.

During the Middle Ages London was divided into two parts – the court part and the merchants’ part. The court part had moved west to Westminster, the «Church in the West», while the merchants remained in the City.

In 1664, during the reign of Charles II, London was attacked by an outbreak of plague («Great Plague of London»). When the plague was past its worst, another disaster fell upon London. Fire broke out in a house near London Bridge. The crowded wooden houses round burned easily and the fire spread until most of London was a sea of flames. The Great Fire had some good results, for it destroyed the crowded and dirty streets and it gave the people the opportunity to build a new and healthier London.

Unfortunately, even though the great architect, Sir Christopher Wren was given the job, he was not able to carry it out completely, as people who had lost their houses and shops wanted to have them rebuilt as they had been before. Wren was, however allowed to rebuild St. Paul’s and a large number of parish churches.

In the 18^th century London began to spread into the open countryside round about.

London in the 19^th century was better drained than before. Railways began to be built and factories grew up. At night streets were lit, first by gas and then by electricity. In many ways London was becoming a better place to live in.

Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя текст.

1. Эта река достаточно глубокая для перехода.

2. Вокруг поселения была построена высокая стена.

3. Вильгельм Завоеватель сделал Лондон столицей Англии.

4. После Великого Пожара люди смогли заново построить Лондон.

5. Эта железная дорога была построена в 19 веке.

6. Ночью улицы освещаются при помощи электричества.

Грамматика

Артикли a / an / the

Отсутствие артикля

Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит количественное числительное (one, two, six, etc), притяжательное или указательное местоимение (this, that, my, our etc.), другое существительное в притяжательном падеже (my father’s, Mary’s etc), или отрицание «no» (не not!).

Примеры:

· My room is not big, but comfortable — Моя комната небольшая, но удобная.

· There are two boys in the yard — во дворе два мальчика.

· I have no brother — у меня нет брата.

Примечание: если существительное в притяжательном падеже выполняет функцию прилагательного, употребление артикля возможно, например: Paul is a man’s name (мужское имя).

Артикль не употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными, обозначающими неопределенное количество вещества или абстрактное понятие:

· I don’t like tea, I prefer coffee. – Я не люблю чай, я предпочитаю кофе (чай, кофе – вообще)

· Friendship is one of the most important things in my life. – Дружба – одна из самых важных вещей в моей жизни (дружба – абстрактное понятие)

С названиями видов спорта артикль не употребляется:

· I am fond of football, and my sister prefers badminton. — Я люблю футбол, а моя сестра предпочитает бадминтон.

Также артикль не употребляется с именами собственными (кроме некоторых географических названий, речь о которых пойдет ниже).