When do Americans celebrate Independence Day?

a) July 4;                            d) September 4;

b) December 25;                e) October 8;

c) February 14;

What is the longest river in England?

a) the Tyde; b) the Thames;       c) the Spey;           d) the Mississippi;

What British newspapers cover home and foreign news?

a) quality newspapers;                  b)popular newspapers;

Who is the Head of the State in the United Kingdom?

a) the Parliament; b)the Prime Minister; c)the Queen; d) the President;

What schools in Britain are free of charge ?

a) public schools;   b) comprehensive schools; c) grammar schools;

What is the most important festival of the year for the most British?

a) Halloween; b) Christmas;        c) New Year's Day;

d) St. Valentine’s Day;

What is the nickname of New York?

a) "The Big apple"; b) "The Red apple”;          c) "The Big town";

What is the heart of London?

a) The East End;               b) The City; c) Whitehall; d) the Westminster;

How long can you be president for the USA?

a) you can be president for a term;

b) you can be president for twelve years;

c) you can be president for two terms of four years;

The United States has ...

a) about 250 million people;

b) people from Europe and India only;

c) the highest population in the world;

11. Let’s go to the cinema together. - I’m sorry, I …

a) must;                  b) can’t;

c) mustn’t;             d) can;

12. You … come here very early every day. We begin at 6.

a) must;                  b) can;

c) mustn’t;             d) can’t;

13. … use your phone? –No, I’m waiting for a phone call.

a) Must I;                          b) I must;

c) May I;                           d) I may;

Greg said that ... a new job.

a) he will need;                  b) he needed;

c) would he need;             d) needs;

Tim complained that he ... at four o’clock in the morning.

a) is working;         b) will be working;

c) was working;                 d) has been working;

He said that he ... that film.

a) had already seen;          b) has already seen;

c) was seen;                                   d) saw;

17. All the banks … on Sundays.

a) are closed;                     b) had been closed;

c) are been closed;                        d) is closed;

18. The documents … by 5 p.m.

a) will be signed;                           b) are signed;

c) will have been signed;              d) was signed;

19. We … on our way home yesterday.

a) were being followed;                b) are being followed;

c) have been followed;                 d) will be followed;

20. My sister … to hospital tomorrow.

a) is being taken;                           b) will be taken;

c) was taken;                     d) had been taken;

 

Вариант 9

abyssal - а абиссальный, глубинный; hypabissal - a гипабиссальный

adjacent - а смежный, примыкающий

ash - n зола

belt - n пояс; лента; ремень

body - n тело, вещество; solid ( liquid, gaseous) bodies твердые (жидкие, газообразные) вещества; породная масса; массив; месторождение; пласты

common - а обычный; общий; syn general; ant uncommon

cool - v охлаждать(ся); остывать; прохладный; ant heat нагревать(ся)

dimension - n измерение; pl размеры; величина; syn measurement, size

dust - n пыль

dyke – n дайка

extrusion - n вытеснение; выталкивание; ant intrusion вторжение; геол. интрузия (внедрение в породу изверженной массы)

fine - а тонкий, мелкий; мелкозернистый; высококачественный; тонкий; прекрасный, ясный (о погоде); изящный; fine- graded ( fine- grained) мелкозернистый, тонкозернистый; fines - п pl мелочь; мелкий уголь

flow - v течь; литься; n течение; поток; flow of lava поток лавы

fragmentary - а обломочный, пластический

glass - n стекло; glassy - а гладкий, зеркальный; стеклянный

gold - n золото

inclined - а наклонный

mica - n слюда

permit - v позволять, разрешать; syn allow, let; make possible

probably - adv вероятно; syn perhaps, maybe

shallow - а мелкий; поверхностный; ant deep глубокий

sill - n силь, пластовая интрузия

stock - n шток, небольшой батолит

vein - n жила, прожилок, пропласток

Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks have crystallized from solidified magma.

Igneous rocks can be classified in a number of ways and one of (hem is based on mode of occurrence. They occur either as intrusive (below the surface) bodies or as extrusive masses solidified at the Earth's surface. The terms "intrusive" and "extrusive" refer to the place where rocks solidified.

The grain size of igneous rocks depends on their occurrence. The intrusive rocks generally cool more slowly than the extrusive rocks and crystallize to a larger grain size. The coarser-grained intrusive rocks with grain size of more than 0.5 mm called plutonic or abyssal are referred to as intrusive igneous rocks because they are intruded into older pre-existing rocks. Extrusive or volcanic rocks have even finer grains, less than 0.05 mm and are glassy.

Exposed igneous rocks are most numerous in mountain zones for two reasons. First, the mountain belts have been zones of major deformation. Second, uplifts in mountain belts have permitted plutonic masses to be formed.

The largest bodies of igneous rocks are called batholiths. Batholiths cooled very slowly. This slow cooling permitted large mineral grains to form. It is not surprising that batholiths are composed mainly of granitic rocks with large crystals called plutons. As is known, granites and diorites belong to the group of intrusive or plutonic rocks formed by solidification of igneous mass under the Earth's crust. Granites sometimes form smaller masses called stocks, when the occurrence has an irregular shape but smaller dimensions than the batholiths.

Laccoliths and sills, which are very similar, are intruded between sedimentary rocks. Sills are thin and they may be horizontal, inclined or vertical. Laccoliths are thicker bodies and in some cases they form mountains.

Dykes are also intrusive bodies. They range in thickness from a few inches to several thousand feet. Dykes are generally much longer than they are wide. Most dykes occupy cracks and have straight parallel walls. These bodies cool much more rapidly and are commonly fine-grained. For example, granite may occur in dykes that cut older rocks.

Pegmatites (quartz, orthoclase and mica) also belong to the group of plutonic or intrusive rocks. They occur in numerous veins which usually cut through other plutonites, most often granite, or adjacent rocks.

Extrusive igneous rocks have been formed from lava flows which come from fissures to the surface and form fields of volcanic rocks such as rhyolite, andesite, basalt, as well as volcanic ashes and dust, tuff, etc. As a rule, these rocks of volcanic origin cool rapidly and are fine-grained. It is interesting to note that basalt is the most abundant of all lavatypes. It is the principal rock type of the ocean floor.

Igneous rocks are rich in minerals that are important economically or have great scientific value. Igneous rocks and their veins are rich in iron, gold, zinc, nickel and other ferrous metals.

 

1). Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.

1. Igneous rocks have been formed by sedimentation.

2. Intrusive rocks have been formed by the cooling of rocks of the Earth's crust.

3. Extrusive rocks have been formed the same way.

4. The grain size of igneous rocks depends on mode of occurrence.

5. Exposed igneous rocks are numerous in mountain zones.

6. Granites and diorites belong to the group of extrusive rocks.

7. As a rule, granite may occur in dykes.

8. Pegmatites do not belong to the group of plutonic or intrusive rocks.

 

2). Ответьте на вопросы :

1. Have igneous rocks crystallized from magma or have they been formed by sedimentation?

2. Which types of igneous rocks do you know?

3. What does the grain size of igneous rocks depend on?

4. Can you give an example of intrusive or plutonic rocks?

5. Are diorites intrusive or extrusive formations?

6. What do you know about batholiths?

7. Do pegmatites belong to the group of plutonic or volcanic rocks?

8. How do pegmatites occur?

9. What minerals are igneous rocks rich in?

 

3.    а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих слов в сочетаний слов:

1.    adjacent layers                              а) способ залегания

2.    abyssal rocks                            б) крупнозернистый

3.    dimensions of crystals                  в) зоны крупных нарушений

4.    valuable minerals                      г) абиссальные (глубинные) породы

5.    shape and size of grains                д) смежные пласты (слои)

6.    mode of occurrence                 e) размеры кристаллов

7.    coarse-grained                          ж) взбросы

8.    uplifts                                       з) форма и размер зерен

9.    zones of major deformation        и) ценные минералы

 

б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов:

1.    затвердевшие массы              a) irregular shape

2.    обломочные породы                          б) at a certain depth

3.    медленно остывать                в) economically important

4.    мелкозернистый                         г) solidified masses

5.    многочисленные трещины        д) scientific value

6.    неправильная форма                    e) to cool slowly

7.    на определенной глубине        ж) existing types of rocks

8.    экономически важный               з) fine-grained

9.    научная ценность                   и) fragmentary rocks

10.  существующие типы пород              к) numerous cracks or fissures

 

Английский язык

Вариант №9