Задание 5. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

 These include excessive levels of ionizing and nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, noise, vibration, illumination, and temperature. In occupations where there is exposure to ionizing radiation, time, distance, and shielding are important tools in ensuring worker safety. Danger from radiation increases with the amount of time one is exposed to it; hence, the shorter the time of exposure the smaller the radiation danger.

Distance also is a valuable tool in controlling exposure to both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Radiation levels from some sources can be estimated by comparing the squares of the distances between the worker and the source.

Shielding also is a way to protect against radiation. The greater the protective mass between a radioactive source and the worker, the lower the radiation exposure.

Nonionizing radiation also is dealt with by shielding workers from the source. Sometimes limiting exposure times to nonionizing radiation or increasing the distance is not effective. Increasing the distance from a laser source may require miles before the energy level reaches a point where the exposure would not be harmful.

Noise, another significant physical hazard, can be reduced by installing equipment and systems that have been engineered, designed, and built to operate quietly. Also, treating floors, ceilings, and walls with acoustical material can reduce reflected or reverberant noise. It is also possible to reduce noise exposure by increasing the distance between the source and the receiver, by isolating workers in acoustical booths, limiting workers' exposure time to noise, and by providing hearing protection. 

Another physical hazard, radiant heat exposure in factories such as steel mills, can be controlled by installing reflective shields and by providing protective clothing.

Задание 6. Задайте к тексту пять вопросов разного типа (общий вопрос, специальный, альтернативный, разделительный, вопрос к подлежащему).

Задание 7. Напишите краткий реферат по данному тексту, используя клише данные в приложении.

Вариант 5.

Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов that, one, it.

1. The infrastructure of modern cities lags behind the rate of development that is needed to sustain their population in the future.

2. The widespread exchange of technical documentation has made it possible to speed up industrialization.

3. This method permits one to get good results.

Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, выпишите сказуемые, определите их видовременную форму и залог, в скобках укажите инфинитив глагола. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Образец :

The article was being translated the whole day long.

was being translated – the Past Continuous Passive (to translate)

Статью переводили целый день.

а)

1. They are installing new equipment at the moment.

2. This company achieved record results in 2005.

3. The generator has revolutionized modern industry by furnishing cheap electricity.

4. How long had they been doing business with the company before they moved to a new office?

5. Electrical engineers work with power and light systems equipment, and machinery, with electrical motors and generators.

б)

1. Electronics was born in the 19^th century.

2. The construction of the road was being completed when the commission arrived.

3. The plant had been built by the time I moved to this town.

4. Some industries are controlled by electronic robots.

Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, содержащие инфинитив или инфинитивные обороты. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции инфинитива в предложении.

1. Machine tools are devices used to build parts of machines; but usually the concept is interpreted more narrowly, denoting tools that cut or drill, press or shear, or otherwise shape hardened materials into specific forms.

2. People made many efforts to find new sources of energy.

3. To study this phenomenon requires much knowledge.

4. This problem is too difficult to be solved by students.

5. The process to be analyzed in this article is known as evaporation.

Задание 4. Перепишите предложения . Определите , признаком какой части речи является неличная форма глагола с суффиксом -ing: (причастия I, герундия или глагола в форме Continuous). Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные функции причастия и герундия в предложении.

1. A device for converting mechanical energy into electric energy is called a generator.

2. Further development of the motor car lagged because of the restrictions resulting from legislative acts.

3. Watt realized that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and re-heating the cylinder.

4. Considering the internal combustion engine we classify them into two types.

5. The burning of fuel takes place within the cylinder.