Talks, Discussions, Consultations

 

SECTION 1

 

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

 

1. loyalty to smth.   2. struggle   3. peaceful policy 4. peaceful coexistence   5. comprehensive programme   6. chief aim (purpose)   7. to win smth.   8. entry into an organisation a community a block   9. to dominate   10. private talks     meetings   11. annual meetings   12. bi-annual consultations   13. protocol on smth.   14. confidence   15. to convince smb. of smth. 16. to meet the interests   17. stable relations   18. understanding   19. to embrace smth.   20. to cause smth.   21. tension   22. measure   23. to conduct smth. 24. the conduct of smth.   25. to design smth.   26. on the basis of smth.   27. reciprocity   28. appropriate level   29. either side   30. summit   31. informal talks 32. a new round of talks   33. to negotiate with smb. for smth.   34. an exchange of views   35. in an atmosphere of mutual understanding   36. a matter of mutual interest

1. верность чему-либо   2. борьба   3. мирная политика 4. мирное сосуществование   5. комплексная программа   6. главная цель   7. добиваться чего-либо   8. вступление в организацию в сообщество в блок   9. доминировать, преобладать   10. конфиденциальные переговоры неофициальные встречи   11. ежегодные встречи   12. консультации, проходящие 2 раза в год   13. протокол о чем-то   14. доверие   15. убеждать кого-то в чем-то 16. отвечать интересам   17. прочные отношения   18. договоренность, соглашение, согласие   19. охватывать что-то   20. вызывать что-то   21. напряженность   22. мера   23. проводить что-то 24. проведение чего-либо   25. предназначать что-то   26. на основе чего-либо   27. взаимность, взаимный обмен (услугами)   28. соответствующий уровень   29. любая из сторон   30. переговоры на высшем уровне   31. неофициальные переговоры 32. новый раунд переговоров   33. вести переговоры с кем-то о чем-то   34. обмен мнениями   35. в атмосфере взаимопонимания   36. вопрос, представляющий взаимный интерес

Ex. 1 Translate the following sentences:

 

1. During the talks the two sides expressed their readiness to expand Italian-Portuguese contacts and ties in every sphere of mutual interest in an effort to consolidate European security and promote peaceful cooperation among states.

2. The Austrian Chancellor said on his return from Moscow that his talks with Russian leaders had been especially valuable. During the talks which passed in an atmosphere of friendship and mutual understanding there was a thorough exchange of opinions on the further development of relations between the two countries.

3. The talks which were conducted in a frank atmosphere centred on measures to intensify economic, scientific and technological cooperation.

4. Last year about 90 international scientific congresses, conferences and symposia were held in Europe.

5. During the talks special attention was paid to the situation in the Middle East.

6. Our purpose has been to follow a consistent policy of enhancing peaceful coexistence with all countries by developing treaty relations with them, covering various fields of state-to-state relations.

7. The Pentagon is at present making plans for the holding of joint exercises of the armed forces of the United States and Japan.

8. The joint committee had decided to intensify the studies of the new fields of cooperation.

9. The NATO countries are planning to carry out exercises in the Pacific off the coast of the Philippines.

10. The UN Special Committee on the Indian Ocean is planning a conference on implementation of the General Assembly’s Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a zone of peace.

 

SECTION 2

 

Страдательный залог

 

Страдательный залог английского языка строится по схеме:

To be + III форма глагола

И может иметь следующий вид в предложении:

 

Simple Present	Simple Past	Simple Future
Am	Was	Will be held
Is held	held
Are	Were
Present Continuous	Present Perfect	Past Perfect
Am	have
Is being held	has been held	had been held
Are

Если сказуемое выражено одним из этих вариантов, то его можно переводить следующими способами:

 

1. Возвратными глаголами с частицами "ся", "сь".

The conference is being held in London now.

Сейчас в Лондоне проводится конференция.

 

The conference was held in London last month.

В прошлом месяце в Лондоне проводилась конференция.

 

2. Глаголом "быть" + краткое причастие

The conference will be held in London.

Конференция будет проведена в Лондоне.

 

3. Русское предложение начать с дополнения

The conference will be held in London.

Конференцию проведут в Лондоне.

 

4. Заменить страдательный залог на действительный

The conference will be held in London.

Конференция пройдет в Лондоне.

 

Как видно из примеров, способы перевода могут быть взаимозаменяемы.

 

5. Применяя лексический перевод, то есть, подбирая адекватные русские эквиваленты.

It has been estimated that about 2000 participants of the conference will arrive in London tomorrow.

По оценкам, завтра в Лондон на конференцию прибудут около двух тысяч делегатов.

 

Ex. 1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the form of predicate. Give two or more variants if possible.

1. The Prime Minister of Malta was greeted at the airport by the Russian officials.

2. It was announced yesterday that the Foreign Minister of England had accepted the invitation to visit Russia in June.

3. The summit will be held in Moscow, the capital of Russia.

4. The draft agreement was developed by the Russian specialists.

5. The parliamentary delegation was warmly welcomed at the airport.

6. “The Russian Prime Minister is invited to visit India early in May this year”, - the Kremlin spokesman said yesterday.

7. According to the Committee of State Construction about 150 projects are at present being built in Moscow by foreign workers.

8. Armenian nuclear power plant was shut down after the earthquake.

9. It was once said that freedom is the recognition of necessity.

10. Toxic wastes were found in the outskirts of Moscow.

 

SECTION 3

 

Translate the following articles:

 

POLISH-HUNGARIAN MEETING

Talks opened Tuesday in Budapest between the Polish Premier and the Prime Minister of Hungary. The two countries are discussing further expansion of their economic, scientific and technological cooperation. The Polish Foreign Minister is taking part in the Budapest talks.

 

RUSSIAN-BRITISH PROTOCOL ON CONSULTATIONS

The Russian Federation and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland desiring to strengthen mutual confidence and understanding between their two countries and being convinced that the consolidation of peaceful cooperative relations between Russia and the UK meets the interests of the people of both countries, believing that the development of stable friendly relations between them will help to strengthen relations of peaceful coexistence have reached the following understanding:

1. The RF and the UK will enlarge and deepen political consultations on important international problems of mutual interest and on questions of bilateral relations.

2. The consultations will embrace:

- international questions causing tension in various parts of the world;

- measures to strengthen peace and security in Europe and to develop cooperation among the countries of the European continent;

- questions of mutual interest which are the subject of discussion in international forums, including the United Nations;

- questions of a political, economic and cultural nature, environmental questions and other subjects, concerning relations between the two countries.

3. The consultations will be carried out on a basis of reciprocity at all appropriate levels and will have a regular character.

Either side is free to recommend the holding of such consultations including the time and the level at which they should be held.

 

SECTION 4

 

Revision

 

Give Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

 

1. last week’s talks

2. this month’s negotiations

3. loyalty to the principles of peaceful coexistence

4. to adopt a joint declaration

5. private consultations

6. current international problems

7. major issues

8. urgent matters

9. to arrive in Moscow for negotiations with

10. the chief aim is to develop contacts

11. a review of urgent international problems

12. to win the support

13. on the basis of mutual understanding

14. on the basis of reciprocity

15. consultations on measures to strengthen peace

16. negotiations on bilateral matters

17. consultations will embrace measures to develop cooperation

18. talks will embrace measures to consolidate peace

19. to promote the deepening of understanding

20. the conduct of such meetings is designed for may

21. mutual confidence between the two countries

22. stable relations between both countries

23. regular consultations on peace

24. bilateral contacts between Russia and the UK

25. peaceful coexistence among nations

26. all-round cooperation among the European states

27. stable relations among the UN members

28. a matter of mutual interest

29. the summit will be held

30. an exchange of views will take place

Lesson 5

Declarations, Communiqués, Statements.

 

SECTION 1

 

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

 

1. joint communiqué declaration efforts   2. to be aware of smth.   3. Responsibility   4. to deteriorate deterioration   5. to reiterate   6. commitment to smth.   7. persistent struggle   8. to manifest smth. manifestation   9. to record smth.     10. mankind   11. fruitful cooperation   12. decade   13. to implement smth. implementation   14. mutual benefit   15. to observe smth. observance   16. to recognize smth.   17. major significance problem   18. to reaffirm smth.   19. objective   20. to face smth.   21. to prevent smth. prevention   22. to do one’s utmost   23. to convince smb.   24. to renounce smth. renunciation   25. territorial integrity   26. inviolability   27. outstanding issues   28. to enable smb. to do smth.   29. to oppose smth.   30. to value smth.   31. to serve smth.   32. to attach importance/ significance to smth.   33. to view smth. as smth.     34. to set a date   35. to set a target an aim

1. совместное коммюнике декларация усилия   2. осознавать, знать что-то   3. ответственность   4. ухудшать, ухудшаться ухудшение, осложнение   5. вновь подтверждать что-то   6. обязательство, приверженность   7. упорная борьба   8. проявлять, ясно показывать что-то проявление   9. записывать, протоколировать что-то   10. человечество   11. плодотворное сотрудничество   12. десятилетие   13. выполнять, осуществлять что-то выполнение   14. обоюдная выгода   15. соблюдать, выполнять что-то соблюдение, выполнение   16. признавать, осознавать что-то   17. важнейшее значение проблема   18. вновь подтвердить   19. задача, цель   20. сталкиваться с чем-то   21. предотвращать что-либо предотвращение   22. делать все возможное   23. убеждать кого-либо   24. отказываться от чего-то отказ   25. территориальная целостность   26. нерушимость, неприкосновенность   27. нерешенные вопросы   28. позволять кому-то сделать что-то   29. выступать против чего-то   30. ценить что-либо   31. служить чему-либо   32. придавать значение чему-либо     33. рассматривать что-либо как что-либо   34. намечать дату   35. ставить цель

 

Ex. 1 Translate the following sentences:

 

1. A joint communiqué stressed that Austria’s neutrality was a positive contribution to the relaxation of international tension and to strengthening of peace.

2. A joint communiqué stressed that complete disarmament under strict international control was the most important question facing the world.

3. On May, 23, the Russian Premier met the President of Malta in the Kremlin. The two leaders made a statement important for both countries.

4. The joint statement emphasized that peace movement is still very important for this region.

5. Both sides expressed their concern about peace process in the Declaration.

6. Russia is maintaining its traditionally extensive commercial relations with Sweden and Austria.

7. These measures aimed at lessening the danger of armed conflicts must play an important role in maintaining peace and security in Europe.

8. This policy enjoys the support of all progressive people throughout the world.

9. Russian-Mozambique joint statement stressed that the talks proceeded in an atmosphere of friendship and complete mutual understanding.

10. The participants in the joint session were trying to find some common ground on which the two rival factions might get together to discuss their differences.

 

SECTION 2

 

Сложное подлежащее

 

Английские предложения, содержащие "сложное подлежащее", имеют следующую структуру:

 

Подлежащее	сказуемое	инфинитив	обстоятельство
Smb. (smth.)	reported
	believed
is	expected	to do smth.	when?
	considered
	likely
	unlikely
	seems
	appears
	turns out

Перевод таких предложений начинается со сказуемого, которое переводится неопределенно-личной формой:

 

is reported - передают, сообщают, сообщения утверждают, что

is expected - ожидается, предполагают, что

is believed - считают, что

is considered – считают, считается, что

 

seems – кажется, что

is likely – по-видимому, вероятно

is unlikely – едва ли, вряд ли

 

затем переводится подлежащее, а затем инфинитив. Причем инфинитив переводится личной, спрягаемой формой глагола, а затем все остальные члены предложения.

 

The Italian Foreign Minister is expected to visit London.

Ожидается, что министр иностранных дел Италии посетит Лондон.

 

The new Ambassador is reported to arrive on Monday.

Сообщается, что новый посол прибудет в понедельник.

 

Ex. 1 Translate the following sentences paying attention to Complex Subject

 

1. The Congress is expected to open on Tuesday.

2. The delegation is reported to leave Moscow for London.

3. The talks are expected to take place in June.

4. The Home Secretary is expected to make a statement next week.

5. The Conference is likely to last for 10 days.

6. About 200 people are reported to have been arrested on different charges in Ulster yesterday.

7. The BBC is considered to play an important role in world news broadcasting.

8. The meeting, which lasted just half an hour, seems to have taken place at the Prime Minister’s request.

9. The US-Russian talks are not expected to last more than two days.

10. The sides are expected to prepare grounds for START-2 discussion.

 

SECTION 3

 

Translate the following article

 

JOINT RUSSIAN-INDIAN DECLARATION

The Russian Federation and the Republic of India aware of their responsibility for the promotion of international peace and nothing with concern the deterioration of the present- day international situation, reiterating their common commitment to the development of cooperation between nations in accordance with the principles of peaceful coexistence, determined to carry on persistent struggle for peace and international security, national independence of peoples, against all manifestations of neo-colonialism and racism, and for lofty ideals of mankind recorded in the Charter of the United Nations, declare their firm intention in accordance with the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation between Russia and India, to continue strengthening and deepening Russian-Indian friendly and mutually beneficial cooperation in the interest of the peoples of the two countries and the cause of international peace and security.

The Russian Federation and India note with profound satisfaction that the relations between them which have been fruitfully developing for decades in atmosphere of friendship and trust, provide an eloquent example of practical implementation of the principles of peaceful coexistence between states. These relations are developing to the mutual benefit of the peoples of both countries on the basis of equality and mutual respect, strict observance of sovereignty and non-interference in each other’s affairs.

The Russian Federation and India recognize that their relations of mutual understanding, confidence and all-round cooperation are of major significance for peace and stability in Asia and in the world. They reaffirm their determination to continue developing these relations and thus to effectively promote the improvement of the international situation.

Russia and India firmly believe that the most important objective facing mankind is the strengthening of peace and the prevention of a new world war and they will do their utmost in contributing towards the lofty end.

Russia and India reaffirmed their conviction that inter-state relations should develop on the basis of the fundamental and universally recognized principles such as renunciation of the threat or use of force, respect for sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, inviolability of borders and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.

 

 

SECTION 4

 

Revision

 

Give Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

 

1. to be aware of the outstanding issues facing mankind

2. one’s responsibility for the deepening of mutually beneficial cooperation

3. to reiterate the common commitment to the promotion of bilateral relations

4. to reaffirm the determination to implement the principles of peaceful coexistence between states

5. to affirm the respect for sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity and inviolability of borders

6. the sides will continue to support peace

7. the sides will declare their firm intention to develop cooperation

8. to oppose the threat or use of force

9. to oppose outside interference in the internal affairs of other countries

10. to serve the deepening of bilateral relations

11. to promote the maintenance of regular contacts on major questions

12. to provide an opportunity for reviewing the results

13. to strengthen international peace

14. in accordance with the Treaty of Peace and Friendship

15. unconformity with the spirit and principles of the UN Charter

16. respect for the principles of peaceful coexistence

17. to respect the principles of the inadmissibility of the application of force

18. respect for sovereignty, equality and territorial integrity

19. the most important objective

20. the renunciation of the threat or use of force

 

Lesson 6

Peace, Security, Détente.

 

SECTION 1

 

ACTIVE VOCABULARY.

 

1. détente   2. arms race 3. to set up to increase tension to whip up   4. international law   5. to commit oneself to do smth. to pledge to doing smth.   6. to claim   7. non-interference in smth. non-intervention   8. to recall smth.   9. to save smb. from smth.     10. unconditional   11. breach of principles law promise   12. irrespective of smth.   13. to justify smth. 14. inconsistent with     15. to urge smb. to do smth.     16. to adhere to the Charter   17. to observe the principles   18. to refrain from smth.     19. dispute over smth.   20. to endanger peace     security justice   21. to intervene in smth. to interfere in smth.   22. self-determination   23. duty   24. obligations   25. commitments   26. to seek smth.   27. to implement a resolution   28. to provide for smth.   29. exclusively   30. mediation   31. mediator   32. conciliation   33. flexible policy   34. to suppress acts of aggression   35. alliance   36. to eliminate   37. war hotbed   38. military base   39. nuclear weapons   40. weapons of mass destruction

1. ослабление напряженности, разрядка   2. гонка вооружений 3. нагнетать обстановку   4. международное право   5. обязываться делать что-то     6. предъявлять претензии   7. невмешательство во что-то   8. напоминать о чем-либо   9. избавлять, спасать кого-то от чего-то   10. безоговорочный   11. нарушение принципов законов обещаний   12. независимо от чего-либо 13. оправдывать что-либо 14. несовместимый с чем-либо   15. принуждать кого-то делать что-то   16. соблюдать Устав   17. соблюдать принципы   18. воздерживаться от чего-либо   19. спор из-за чего-либо   20. подвергать угрозе мир ставить под угрозу безопасность справедливость   21. вмешиваться во что-либо   22. самоопределение   23. обязанность, долг 24. обязательства 25. приверженность, обязательства   26. добиваться, стремиться к чему-либо   27. выполнять резолюцию   28. предусматривать что-либо   29. исключительно   30. посредничество   31. посредник   32. примирение   33. гибкая политика   34. подавлять акты агрессии   35. союз   36. уничтожать   37. очаги войны   38. военная база   39. ядерное оружие   40. оружие массового поражения

 

Ex. 1 Translate the following sentences:

1. The peoples of the world urge an international disarmament conference to be held in the near future.

2. The world public demands that the treaty should be ratified as soon as possible.

3. The two countries were doing their best to make détente an irreversible process.

4. It is reasonable that the Conference on Security and Cooperation should be held at the highest level at any early date.

5. The sides discussed a proposal for a world disarmament conference.

6. Our main objective is the strengthening of world peace and security.

7. The relaxation of world tension is the main objective of all peace-loving forces.

8. The UN member states should fulfil the obligations assumed by them in accordance to the Charter.

9. All states should act in such a manner that the arm race is stopped.

10. International bodies should observe that international law is not violated.

 

SECTION 2

 

Перевод ‘ing-forms’

 

Перевод предложений, содержащих ‘ing-forms’, зависит от функции этих форм в предложении.

‘Ing- формы’ могут быть:

 

1. Подлежащими и будут переводиться как существительные.

Setting up the UN was a long and rather complicated process.

Создание ООН было долгим и довольно сложным процессом.

2. Сказуемым, которое переводится сочетанием указательного местоимения "это" с существительным.

One of the main tasks of the UN is maintaining peace in the world.

Одна из главных задач ООН – это сохранение мира на земле.

3. Дополнением, которое будет переводиться существительным.

The two countries must advance as quickly as possible towards signing the agreement to reduce strategic arms.

Обе страны должны как можно быстрее подписать договор, ограничивающий стратегические вооружения.

4. Определением, которое будет переводиться причастием или причастным оборотом.

The two countries must sign the agreement reducing nuclear weapons.

Обе страны должны подписать договор, ограничивающий ядерные арсеналы.

5. Обстоятельством, которое переводится деепричастием или деепричастным оборотом, существительным с предлогом или придаточным предложением.

Accepting the Spanish king’s invitation the President of Russia sent him a letter of gratitude.

Получив приглашение от короля Испании, Президент России отправил ему благодарственное письмо.

Having signed the agreement the heads of the delegations exchanged speeches.

Подписав соглашение, главы делегаций выступили с ответными речами.

When speaking at the meeting he supported the policy of the government.

В своем выступлении на встрече он поддержал политику правительства.

 

Ex.1 Translate the following sentences paying attention to “ing-forms”

1. Write to me naming the day of the arrival of the delegation.
2. A peaceful way of solving all disputable questions in the Middle East is welcomed.
3. Reconstructing the economy on market principles is the aim of Russia.
4. By signing the Final Act we have made our contribution to peace process.
5. On leaving Moscow the high guest thanked the Russian government for hospitality.
6. Trade can also serve making peace and confidence between people.
7. Placing nuclear power engineering under the effective public control is the key problem at the moment.
8. Establishing diplomatic relations with other countries we contribute to the strengthening of peace and security.
9. Having in mind the need to achieve a comprehensive peace settlement in the Middle East the President and the Chancellor discussed the latest developments in that region.
10. Having thoroughly reviewed economic questions the two sides agreed that mutually beneficial commercial links are an important element in relations between the two countries.

 

SECTION 3

 

Translate the following articles.

 

Madrid Meeting

The first stage of the Madrid meeting of the participants in the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe was held at the end of last year after a four week’s exchange of views on the implementation of the Final Act signed in Helsinki by 33 European countries as well as the United States and Canada.

Within the framework of this document the delegations submitted proposals for strengthening security, expanding cooperation, and carrying détente forward in the future.

 

Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security.

(Resolution adopted by the General Assembly)

(excerpts)

 

The General Assembly, recalling the determination of peoples of the United Nations to live together in peace with one another as good neighbours and to unite their strength to maintain International peace and security reaffirms the universal and unconditional validity of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations as the basis of relations among states irrespective of their size, geographical location, level of development or political, economic and social systems and declares that the breach of these principles cannot be justified in any circumstances.

 

Calls upon all states to adhere strictly in their international relations to the purposes and principles of the Charter, including that the principle that states shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.

 

Urges Member States to make full use of the means and methods for exclusively peaceful settlement of any dispute or any situation.

Recognizes the need for effective, dynamic and flexible measures to prevent threats to peace, suppress acts of aggression or other breaches of peace.

 

Recommends that all states should contribute to the efforts to ensure peace and security for all nations and to establish an effective system of universal collective security without military alliance.

 

SECTION 4

 

Revision

 

Give Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

 

1. to build

to maintain

to strengthen

to restore peace and security

to seek

to establish

to endanger

to threaten to consolidate

 

2. to ensure

to establish a system of collective security and confidence

to build

1. in accordance

in conformity with the UN Charter

in keeping

in line

1. to settle all disputes by peaceful means

in a peaceful way

through negotiations

5. the breach of international law

 

6. the threat or use of force

7. the interference in the domestic affairs of other states

8. to make urgent efforts

9. to observe

to implement

to respect

to adhere to the principles of the Resolution

10. not to justify the breach of principles

11. to condemn the violation of borders

12. to refrain from the breach of international law

13. to implement obligations

14. to save the world from nuclear war

15. to support the policy of détente

16. unconditional duty

17. to prevent the arms race

Lesson 7

Military Actions

 

SECTION 1

 

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

 

1. air-base 2. air-craft 3. air-strike   4. bomber   5. air-defence   6. fighter   7. anti-aircraft 8. anti-missile   9. arsenal   10. artillery   11. assault, attack   12. breakdown 13. breakthrough   14. build up   15. to cease fire   16. army corps   17. remand   18. deployment   19. disengagement   20. dominance   21. combat   22. guard   23. patrol   24. firearm   25. formation   26. headquarters (HQ)   27. to halt   28. to jeopardize   29. land-mine   30. munitions   31. navy   32. picket   33. pre-emptive   34. raid   35. reconnaissance 36. guerrillas   37. rebels   38. shell   39. target   40. troops reduction

1. авиабаза 2. самолет 3. авиаудар   4. бомбардировщик   5. противовоздушная оборона   6. штурмовик   7. противовоздушный 8. противоракетный   9. арсенал, боезапас   10. артиллерия   11. атака   12. потеря, распад 13. прорыв   14. наращивание   15. прекращать боевые действия   16. армейский корпус   17. потребность   18. развертывание   19. выход из боя   20. превосходство   21. бой, сражение   22. караул, дозор   23. патруль   24. огнестрельное оружие   25. соединение   26. штаб   27. прекратить   28. ставить под угрозу   29. противопехотная мина   30. военное имущество   31. военно-морской флот   32. дозор   33. превентивный   34. налет   35. разведка 36. партизаны   37. повстанцы, боевики   38. снаряд   39. мишень, цель   40. сокращение численности войск

 

Ex. 1 Translate the following sentences:

 

1. Interior troops soldiers were firing at rebel fighters from a certain position in the city.

2. The troops raged by rising losses, battle their way towards the centre of the city.

3. Snipers were firing from high-rises west and south-west of the square, while federal tanks blasted rebel positions from the south-east.

4. The President approved plans on Thursday to sharply increase the purchase of new weapons and equipment to modernize the army.

5. “While nuclear deterrent forces remain a priority, the state defence order will be increasingly directed toward purchasing weapons for conventional forces,” the Defence Minister said.

6. General Headquarters announces that the first strike was made by the rebels.

7. About three bombers and five fighters took part in the air fight.

8. The troops are dying at a far faster raid than official figures suggest, two commercial news organizations said on Monday.

9. “These actions can jeopardize the talk process possibility”, - military sources said on Tuesday.

10. The troops are fighting the rebels in the mountainous regions where fighters can take shelter.

 

SECTION 2

 

Participle II

 

Если в предложении встречается третья форма глагола, то необходимо помнить, что она необязательно входит в состав сказуемого. Такая форма может быть Participle II и выполнять следующие функции в предложении:

1. Обстоятельство. В таком случае она переводится придаточным предложением:

When asked about the disarmament situation, the UN Secretary said: “I don’t think there has been any marked progress.”

Когда Секретарю ООН был задан вопрос о ситуации в области разоружения, он ответил: "Я не думаю, что здесь прослеживается какой-либо заметный прогресс."

2. Определение. В таком случае переводится страдательным причастием.

The Russian – Polish agreement signed in Moscow was widely discussed in Poland.

Договор между Россией и Польшей, подписанный в Москве получил широкое обсуждение в Польше.

 

Ex. 1 Translate the following sentences paying attention to Participles.

1. Questioned at a press conference about the new European currency, the US President said: “ I don’t think it is a threat to our economy.”

2. A Russian delegation invited to make a tour of Italy will arrive in Rome tomorrow.

3. When asked if he proposed to invite the British Prime Minister to pay a return visit to India, the Indian Prime Minister replied: “Most certainly.”

4. Germany’s potential naval strength, which appeared so modest to the British government, assumed a different aspect when viewed from the Continent.

5. Blinded by this victory the government forgot economic and political laws.

6. Guided by a desire to promote mutual understanding, the two sides resolved to set up “round table”.

7. The reception given in the Kremlin in honour of the visiting delegation proceeded in a cordial atmosphere.

8. The two countries are developing economic cooperation within the framework of the long-term programme adopted three years ago.

9. Talks aimed at ending violence will begin tomorrow.

10. Having refused to accept the proposal put forward by the President, the Prime Minister suggested his own plan.

 

SECTION 3

 

Translate the following articles:

 

KEY SQUARE CAPTURED

Military forces pushed into a strategically key square in the capital of rebel region on Monday after more than a week of intense battles with rebel snipers firing from high-rise buildings, Military officials said.

“After taking this square, I can say that we can totally control the city,” a commander said on the TV channel. The square is adjacent to several of main roads and could be a starting point or a drive into the centre.

 

The advance toward the square came under withering sniper fire from rebels in high-rise buildings along the approach streets, sometimes bringing the troops to a standstill. Rebels elsewhere of the city have put up fierce resistance and the rebel command shows no sign of backing down.

 

The spokesman for the Government said on Monday that about 140 guerrillas had surrendered in recent days, but the figure was questioned by many newspapers’ reporters.

 

TROOPS STRUGGLE TO REACH KEY CITIES

Rebel snipers in high-rise buildings and trenches held off the government troops trying to advance on the centre of the city on Thursday, while a rain of bombs and rockets blanketed the capital in thick smoke.

 

International pressure was building on the Government to end the war, with UN Secretary-General saying that he wants the conflict to end as soon as possible. The Council of Europe’s parliamentary assembly called for the country to open cease-fire talks and to hold attacks on civilians.

 

The Government officials vowed that neither the military’s aims nor its tactics would change.

 

“A concrete combat task has been set for the troops and they will fulfil it, regardless of how certain countries feel about it,” presidential aid told at a news conference.

 

The Defence Minister claimed that the operation “ is approaching a breakthrough”, the news agencies reported.

 

DISSIDENTS STORM THAI HOSPITAL

Thailand, - Heavily armed guerrillas from God’s Army, a rebel group opposed to military government stormed a Thai hospital on Monday and took hundreds of patients and staff hostage.

 

Sixteen fighters from the ethnic militia, aged between 14 and 30 swarmed into the hospital in the early morning from the hijacked bus.

By late Monday, the hostage takers had released 100 people but between 500 and 600 others were still inside, military sources told AP.

 

The gunmen demanded two helicopters to help them flee to the jungle hide out on the border and pledged to leave one of their number behind in return, the sources said.

 

SECTION 4

 

Give Russian equivalents for the following word combinations:

 

1. army arsenal

2. to build up military activity

3. a cease-fire order

4. duty- guard

5. to hold the attack

6. all kinds of weapons

7. land-based launcher

8. war machine

9. machine gun

10. massive strike

11. a defence line

12. prisoner of war (POW)

13. military preparedness

14. strategic potential

15. redeployment

16. region of combat operations

17. regrouping

18. relocation

19. hot point

20. hostages

21. fighter

22. strategic warning

23. war theatre

24. troop transport

25. commando

 

Lesson 8