The Clinical Research Centre

Research station

 

The Forest Research Station

(research) unit

The Unit of Plant Physiology

Unit tends to imply a smaller section within some larger
establishment.

 

(research) laboratory

The Road Research Laboratory

 

Government research establishments are generally grouped together in research associations, each governed by a research council.

The Agricultural/Medical Research Council

Research worker, as mentioned above, is a general term. Research workers at British universities are divided into two grades, usually called research associates and senior research associates. Some institutions use assistantinstead of associate: research assistant and senior researchassistant. In institutions which have both research associates and research assistants, research associates are more senior.

Another variation, used mainly in government research establishments for science and technology, is experimental officerand senior experimental officer.

When stating the profession of someone doing full-time research in the natural sciences, one can use the expressions research scientist, or the more specific research biologist/chemist/physicist.

He's a research scientist

Biologist / chemist / physicist.

 

There are no generally-used equivalents for the humanities.

 

 

Наука

When наукаrefers only to the natural sciences, the word science can be used without ambiguity. Scienceis also used when the particular branch is specified, for example:

Естественные науки—natural science or the natural sciences

Точные науки — the exact sciences

Биологические / физические / химические науки — biological / physical/chemical science or the biological / physical / chemical sciences

Математические науки — mathematical science or the mathematical sciences

Медицинские науки — medical science

Общественные науки — social science or the social sciences

We also speak of linguistic science.

Not all наукиcan be translated in this way. We do not usually speak of economic science, historical science, geographical science, philosophical science, philological science, psychological science, pedagogical science, although we may say, for example: the science of economics/history, etc. in the sense of a systematic study based on facts. The subjects listed above are usually referred to simply as economics, history, geography, philosophy, philology, psychology, education.

The branch of наука may be specified in other ways, not only by an adjective placed before the word itself, and here also sciencemay be used as a translation.

A. Лингвистика – наука о языке.

Linguistics is the science of language.

B. Социология –относительно молодая наука.

Sociology is a relatively young science.

When наука is used in a general sense, as in the expressions:

C. заниматься наукой e. наука и жизнь

D. посвятить себя науке f. отрасль науки

the question of translation is more complex, because there is no corresponding general term in modern English. Science has acquired a narrower application, and no other word has taken1 its place as a general term. Therefore the translation of наукаdepends on the aspect expressed in the given situation, the usual possibilities being research, scholarship, learning and knowledge.

Research is the most appropriate when we mean the carrying out of systematic investigations in some field. It is the best translation in such cases as (c) and (d) above.

C. to do research or to be engaged in research

D. to devote oneself to research

Academic work is sometimes used in such cases, but this is less exact as a translation of наука, because it often includes not only research but teaching in a higher educational establishment.

Scholarship can be used to denote research, especially in the arts, or humanities, and could therefore replace researchin example (d) if the situation is appropriate.

Learning is a possible translation in examples (e) and (f).

E. learning and life

This is by no means an ideal translation, since learning tends to refer mainly to arts subjects when used in this way.

However, it may be taken here in its general, verbal sense, and in any case it is less ambiguous than science.