Basic Requirements for Oil Exploration

Prior to oil exploration or a separate deposit should understand complex works, including drilling on certain system optimal number of exploration wells to test and trial operation, holding them geophysical and hydrodynamic studies, laboratory studies drawn from their cores and reservoir fluids in order to prepare oil C1 + C2 in the relationships necessary for developing the technological development scheme.

The process of exploration must be installed type deposits, occurrence of oil and gas, the contours of the oil and gas, geological and physical and filtration characteristics of productive strata, structure and properties of fluids, obtained data on the hydrodynamic regime deposits.

Exploration and estimation of oil, combustible gas and condensate production are carried out exploration or oil and gas research organizations in accordance with applicable regulations and instructions.

The main documents on which are carried out exploration work, exploration projects are separate areas (regions) and deposits, shall prepare and approve in the established order.

1) Ответьте на вопрос:

What do complex works include prior to oil exploration?

2)Соотнесите существительные с существительными. Переведите на русский язык:

Unit 8

Hydrajet equipment for production enhancement

1.Грамматика.Существительное + существительное в функции определения другого существительного.

2. Текст “Hydrajet technologies and equipment for production enhancement”.

3. Самостоятельная работа. Текст «Engineering Discussion».

Предтекстовые упражнения

1.Переведите следующие структуры «сущ. + сущ.» на русский язык, пользуясь «правилом ряда»:

Complex mixture, trap indicator, reservoir bed, animal substances, the gravity crude oils.

2. Расположите следующие слова по парам:

1. underground a) accumulation

2. reflected b) space

3. organic c) conditions

4. pore d) migration

5. geological e) light

6. lateral f) substance

2) Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1) The derrick is mounted on a substructure.

2) The drawworks is the principle tool of equipment on a rotary rig.

Hydrajet technologies and equipment for production enhancement

Пояснения к тексту

For production enhancement by drilling laterals для повышения нефтеотдачи

за счет отдачи бурения

боковых стволов

expandable packers раздвижные пакеры

annulus затрубное пространство

new Hydrajet tool гидромониторный инструмент

rapid failures частые поломки

the demand for sidetracking exceeds спрос на бурение боковых

стволов превышает

The demand for sidetracking exceeds the supply almost twofold even with strong tax burden on the oil and gas production industry.

So the interest of the leading world service companies in development and implementation of hydrajet equipment for production enhancement by drilling laterals or fracturing and improved perforation is understandable. This is an obvious trend for the last few years, and it caused by the opportunity to significantly lower the expenses at implementation of hydrajet technologies with obtaining comparable results as with sidetracking by CT or conventional equipment in some cases.

Packers were used for isolation of most promising intervals and were activated by hydrocarbons present in the oil-based mud in the annulus. Than four fracture-stimulation operations were conducted in a non-cemented hole using a unique fracturing technique that incorporated hydrajet perforating with coiled tubing. The main advantages of this new technology are the possibility of multiple stimulation treatments to be performed in series without the CT being removed from the hole, larger stimulation stages and maximum surface-area exposure to the fracture pressure without formation damage caused by cement.

The results of join development – new equipment for hydrajet applications by specialists from Halliburton and ARC Resources – were presented in the report “New Hydrajet Tool Demonstrates Improved Life for Perforating and Fracturing Applications”. One of the main problems of wide application of hydraulic equipment, which authors were aimed to solve, is rapid failures, resulting in the need for time-consuming and costly tripping out and in the hole for jetting tool replacement. This problem has been attempted to tackle during all the time the hudrajet equipment was in use for oil and gas well service by change of materials and redesign but till now it has resulted only in insignificant performance improvement. That is why the authors made a conclusion that a complete overhaul of the design concepts is to be made.

Activities

1. Переведите следующие сочетания слов на английский язык:

Гидравлическое вскрытие пластов, бурение боковых стволов, повышение нефтеотдачи, продуктивные пласты, горизонтальная скважина, межтрубное пространство, гидравлическая перфорация, обработка больших участков, разработка нового оборудования, удорожание работ.

2. Ответьте на вопросы:

1)What can you say about packers? Why were packers used?

2)What are the main advantages of the new technology?

3)What conclusion did the authors make?

4)What are the main problems of wide application of hydraulic equipment?

3. Прочитайте следующие выражения и переведите их: