SOME BANKING AND FINANCIAL TERMS:

- open an account (with a deposit of,..) открыть счет (сделав вклад в размере...)

- maintain a minimum balance of ... сохранять (на счету) минимальный вклад

- service charge плата за банковские услуги

- you will be charged с вас будут удерживать

- make cash deposits вносить денежные вклады

- make cash withdrawals снимать деньги

- joint account совместный счет

- interest rate процентная ставка

- fluctuating / adjustable / fixed rate колеблющаяся / пере менная/ постоянная процентная ставка

- loan заем, ссуда

- shares (Br) I (common) stocks (Am) акции

- share price цена акции

- real estate недвижимость

- mortgage залог под недвижимость

- income tax подоходный налог

- value added tax ( VAT ) налог на добавленную стоимость (НДС)

- credit terms условия кредитования

18. SPECIAL FINANCING INSTITUTIONS

Various special financial institutions provide finance to both the personal and corporate borrowed sector. In general they offer alternative, flexible funding to that offered by banks and building societies. Some of these or­ganizations were set up with official support but with financial backing from traditional sources.

Among the public sector agencies are the British Technology Group; the Scottish and Welsh Development Agencies; the Industrial Development Board in Northern Ireland; the Co-operative Development Agency; and the Export Credits Guarantee Department, Britain's official export credit in­surer. The main private sector institutions are as follows.

FINANCE HOUSES AND LEASING COMPANIES

Finance Houses and Leasing Companies provide consumer credit, business finance, leasing, and motor finance. For consumers they provide personal loans, hire purchase, store cards, store instalment credit, and first and sec­ond mortgages. For the business sector, they offer leasing and hire purchase as well as a variety of business loans.

A wide range of companies offer these facilities: banks, merchant banks, building societies, finance houses, leasing companies and the finance arms of several large manufacturing and retail companies.

The representative body for this highly specialized sector of Britain's financial industry, is the Finance & Leasing Association. Its members achieved $26.8 billion of new business and $56.2 billion outstandings in 1993. This covers 80 per cent of consumer credit, apart from that provided by the clearing banks and first mortgage lenders, and approximately 30 per cent of all Britain's fixed investment in plant and equipment.

FACTORING COMPANIES

  The main service of a factoring or invoice discounting company is to im­prove the cashflow of healthy, growing companies by providing finance se­cured against the outstanding invoices of a business. The injection of cash is a flexible form of finance to increase a company's liquidity, rciluu' ik kink or other borrowing requirements and release capital for growth. Since Пи-early 1960s, factoring and invoice discounting have become major Гмкикм! services covering international activities as well as domestic trade. A nuinU-i of banks and other financial ogranizations have established factoring anil invoice discounting subsidiaries as part of their group activities. In July I9¹M, 11,021 companies were making use of the services of the members of the Association of British Factors and Discounters (ABFD).

VENTURE CAPITAL COMPANIES

Venture capital is long-term equity financing for new and developing busi­nesses. The 115 full members of the British Venture Capital Association (BVCA) represent every significant source of venture capital in Britain. About half the capital comes from venture/development organizations which are subsidiaries or divisions of larger financial institutions such as banks, merchant banks, pension funds or insurance companies. The rest comes from the independent venture capital firms which will have raised their capi­tal from more than one financial institution.

Venture capital investment has grown dramatically since its emergence in the late 70s. in 1993, $1.2 billion was invested by BVCA members in the UK, Britain's largest venture capital organization invested $318 million in British companies in the financial year ending March 1994. Since 1984, the venture capital industry has invested over $10 billion and currently com­mands an investment pool of about $2 billion.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ

instalment — очередной взнос, частичный платеж

by instalment — в рассрочку

mortgage — ипотека, залог, закладная

outstandings — неоплаченные счета, задолженность

clearing — безналичные расчеты междубанками

factoring — факторинг, факторинговые (компании)

discounting — операция по дисконту

discounter — магазин,торгующим по сниженным ценам

invoice — счет-фактура, выписать счет-фактуру

liquidity — ликвидность

19. THE FINANCIAL MARKETS

Every day, the London Stock Exchange and the money and bond, foreign exchange, bullion and commodities markets attract amounts of money une­qualled in any other centre in the world. Some $4 billion worth of equities and bonds are traded in a typical day.