Which term best explains the underlined word in the sentences below? (task 35-36 )

35. Ice-cream melts quickly after it is served.

a becomes cool

b turns into liquid

c stays soft

d tastes good

36. Cakes and tarts are non-frozen desserts.

a not very cold

b sweet and cold

c not keep cold and hard in the freezer

d cool

37. Choose the statement from A, B, C, D that applies to the content.

In addition to restaurants, cafes, coffee bars, bars and pub salso provide catering although the focus may be more on drinking than eating. Cafes and coffee bars serve reasonably priced hot and cold drinks and light meals or snacks and are usually only open during the day. Bars and pubs are always open at night but increasingly they are serving food and drinks during the day too. In pubs the food is usually home-made andtraditional, whereas bars tend to offer a European-style menu ofsalads and sandwiches. Table d'hOte menu restaurants with fixed-priced menus, a set number of courses with choices within each course, are acheaper alternative. Items on the menu are ready at the sametime, rather than made to order. This kind of restaurant is oftenfamily-run with a more informal atmosphere.

a Pubs and cafes provide the similar catering during the day.

b Pubs and cafes are open to the guests during the day and at night.

c Domestic food is served at pubs, cafes and restaurants.

d Table d'hOte menu restaurants focus more on drinking than eating.

Read the text and choose the correct answer.

Vladimir Vernadsky

Vladimir IvanovichVernadsky was a Russian scientist who was born on 12th March, 1863 inSt Petersburg. His most important contributionsto science were the development of the ideas ofthe biosphere and the noosphere. He graduated from the Physics and Mathematics Department of St Petersburg University in 1885.From 1890 to 1911 he taught mineralogy and crystallography at the University of Moscow. In1912 he was made a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences where he was actively involved for 33 years, until his death in Moscow on 6th January, 1945.Through his work in mineralogy, Vernadsky became interested in the distribution of chemical elements in the Earth's crust, hydrosphere and atmosphere - the field known as geochemistry. Vernadsky published many papers on the geochemistry of various elements, including the geochemistry of radioactive compounds. Vernadsky was one of the first scientists to suggest the possibility of using radioactive elements as sources of energy, and he organised a special commission to look for uranium ores in Russia. In 1916, the first uranium deposits were discovered. But Vernadsky was aware of the danger of putting atomic energy into the hands of man. He said that scientists carried the huge responsibility of making sure their discoveries did not lead to destruction. However, Vernadsky is probably best known for his development of the idea of the biosphere of the Earth and his ideas on the evolution of the biosphere into the noosphere. He defined the boundaries of the biosphere by showing that the biosphere includes all the hydrosphere, part of the troposphere - the lowestaver of the atmosphere where most weather changes take place - and the upper part of the Earth's crust down to a depth of two or three kilometres, in short, everywhere that life exists. For Vernadsky, the biosphere had existed since the very beginning of the Earth's history and it was constantly evolving. Our present living world is the product of a long and complex evolution of the biosphere. Vernadsky believed that the technological activities of mankind were a stage in this evolution. He believed that human reason and combined scientific efforts could overcome the negative results of technology and could lead to safe future for everyone. This positive evolutionary stage of the biosphere of the Earth is for him the noosphere, the sphere of reason. In his paper, Several Words on the Noosphere (1944, the last paper he published before his death), Vernadsky outlined the conditions that were required for the creation of the noosphere: equality for all people and an end to wars, poverty and hunger. Today, Vernadsky's vision of the world is more important than ever before.

38. Vladimir Vernadsky taught at ___.

A St Petersburg University.

В Moscow University.

С the Russian Academy of Sciences.

D both St Petersburg and Moscow University.

39.Vernadsky's work in mineralogy led to ___.

A his work in publishing.

В discovery of the Earth's hydrosphere.

С his interest in geochemistry.

D a new field of geochemistry.

40. He was one of the first to suggest using ___.

A atomic energy.

В minerals.

С the biosphere.

D various elements.

41. The biosphere is the layer of Earth where ___.

A only minerals are found.

В living things are found.

С only the troposphere is.

D its history began.

42. According to Vernadsky, ___.

A thenoosphere is in the atmosphere.

В the biosphere developed fromthe noosphere.

С the biosphere creates a negativeenvironment.

D the noosphere would create abetter world.

Part 2.