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GRAMMAR: Comparative Structures (Сравнительные конструкции)



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Text 5 is assimple as text 6 (такой же простой, как).

Paul speaks Spanish as freely as Sam. (так же свободно, как).

My dress is not as expensive as yours.

This flat is notas big as our old one.

You are twenty years older than me =You are twenty years older than I am.

Harriet’s husband isn’t as tall as her. = Her husband isn’t as tall as she is.

 

Exercise I. Use as….as, ….than…

 

  1. This word is …..(easy) thatone.
  2. The first sentence is not …… (long) the second one.
  3. A motorbike isn’t …… (expensive) a car.
  4. Aren’t I …. (good) he/him?
  5. Is he … (tall) …I/me?
  6. You are …..(good) …I/me?
  7. E-mail is …..(quick) the post.
  8. Surfing is …..(exciting) swimming.

 

She is much paler than her sister (гораздо бледнее, намного бледнее, значительно бледнее).

You know much better than John (намного лучше, гораздо лучше).

A bus is less expensive than a taxi =A bus is cheaper than a taxi.

The bigger a flat is the higher the rent is (Чем больше……тем выше).

 

Exercise II. Complete the sentences using the information in brackets.

 

Model: (The price is high) the more reliable the product is.

The higher the price is the more reliable the product is.

 

  1. (You learn quickly). The younger you are…..
  2. (The roads are quiet). The earlier you leave……
  3. (The choice is wide). The bigger the supermarket is ……..
  4. (You can speak fluently).The more you practice…..
  5. (The beaches get crowded). The better the weather is …..
  6. (I feel good). The warmer the weather is…..
  7. (We’ll arrive soon).The earlier we leave…
  8. (The service is good). The more expensive the hotel is …….
  9. (Your bill will be high) The more electricity you use……
  10. (You want much) The more you have…..

 

Exercise III. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to comparative structures.

 

Steven’s son is much lazier than Paul’s. This text is much easier than that. Sid’s wife is much busier than Jack’s. Tom’s boy is much cleverer than Ann’s. This man is much busier than that man. Ed’s desk is much cleaner than Eve’s. That girl is much cleverer than this.

 

Exercise IV. Put in asor than

 

  1. Athens is older …… Rome.
  2. I don’t watch TV ……..much….you.
  3. You eat more…….me.
  4. I feel better ……I felt yesterday.
  5. Jim isn’t …..clever ….he thinks.
  6. Belgium is smaller…..Switzerland.
  7. Brazil isn’t ….big…..Canada.
  8. I can’t wait longer….an hour.

 

Exercise V. Use the right forms of the adjective.

 

THE BEST AND THE WORST

 

Jim Red has the (beautiful) garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for “The (nice) Garden Competition” each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill’s garden is (large) than Joe’s. Bill works (hard) than Joe and grows (many) flowers and vegetables, but Joe’s garden is (interesting).He has neat paths and a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I don’t like hard work. Every year I enter for “The Garden Competition” too and I always win a little prize for the (bad) garden in the town!

 

Answer the questions.

 

1. Who has the best garden in town?

2. What does he win every year?

3. Who else has a fine garden?

4. Is Jim’s better or not?

5. Is the writer’s garden beautiful, or is it terrible?

6. What does he always win a prize for?

 

HOME EXERCISES.

 

Exercise I. Complete the sentences using as….as or than.

 

1. I don’t eat as much as you.

2. England has …..people…. Holland (more).

3. I can’t speak French……you (well).

4. Harry isn’t …….I am (strong).

5. Chocolate isn’t ……milk (healthy).

6. Bill’s car isn’t…..Tom’s (fast).

7. Julie isn’t ……her cousin (old).

8. This knife is …..that one (shaper).

9. This dictionary is ….that one (better).

10. The petrol station is …..from my house…. the bank (farther).

 

 

Exercise II. Translate from Russian into English.

 

1. Его последняя поэма такая же интересная, как и первая. 2. Это кресло не такое удобное, как то. 3. Люси умеет играть на пианино так же хорошо, как и Пэт. 4. Сегодня так же жарко, как вчера. 5. Солнце сегодня такое же яркое, как и вчера. 6. Я встаю так же рано, как и мой старший брат. 7. Анна говорит по- французски так же хорошо, как и Роберт. 8. Эта лекция такая же скучная, как и та. 9. Сегодня теплее, чем было вчера. 10. Чем быстрее вы идете, тем быстрее вы придете домой. 11. Чем меньше мы едим, тем лучше мы себя чувствуем. 12. Чем дольше мы живем, тем больше мы узнаем.

 

Exercise III. Read the text and pay attention to the comparative structures. .

 

Shopping Made Easy

 

People are not as honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before – especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out the shop assistant was her daughter. The girl ‘gave’ her mother a free dress once a week.

TEST

I. Put in a, an, the, - .

  1. I have …cat. …cat is black.
  2. …sun is in … sky.
  3. There is … elephant in …jungle.
  4. …Moscow is …big city.
  5. I have …friend. …my friend is …good man.
  6. …sugar is white.

 

II. Make the plural form

 

A shelf, a dog, a toy, a city, a woman, a tooth, a deer, a wife, a bench, a tomato, a glass, a box, a fly, a note book, a roof, a fish.

 

III. Rewrite the phrases using ‘s or ‘

 

The music of Bach, the color of the book, the theory of Marx, the books of the students

 

IV .Put in am, is, are

  1. My friends … engineers.
  2. There …many trees in the forest.
  3. There … a river near my house.
  4. Dogs, cats, tigers …animals.
  5. The weather …fine.
  6. The news … bad.
  7. I … not a lazy student.

 

V. Put in prepositions.

 

Rate is …sofa. My friend is …the classroom. We have dinner …six o’clock. We are …the lesson. Nick is …school. Go …the table.

 

VI. Put in some, any, no

 

  1. He has…magazines in the office.
  2. …schoolboys read and write.
  3. Have you …oranges in your garden?
  4. They are going to have …guests tomorrow.
  5. Will you give me … bread, please?
  6. Is there …petrol in your car?

 

VIII. Put in my, your, his, her, our, their.

I am at home. I am in … room. He has a wife. …wife is very kind. They have two children. …children are students.

 

IX... Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

  1. He has some interesting magazines.
  2. There is a lot of snow on the roofs.
  3. It is raining.
  4. My books are on the table.

 

X. Translate into English.

 

A. Сегодня понедельник. Петя и Коля дома. Они больны? Да. Петя бледен. Он в постели (in bed). Мэри и Том в школе или дома? Они в школе. Они учителя, не так ли? Да. Они хорошие учителя.

B. Петр Соколов ваш друг, не так ли? Да, он мой друг. У него есть семья? Да. У него жена и двое детей. Его жена учитель английского языка. Их дети школьники. Анне семь лет. Нику десять лет. Они хорошие ученики.

 

XI. Translate into English.

 

1. Давайте навестим Билла. Он дома? – Да, он в своей комнате. 2. Позвольте мне прочитать это письмо, пожалуйста. Оно очень интересное. 3. Посмотрите на эту девушку. Ее зовут Ольга. Она очень хорошенькая. 4. Познакомьтесь с Питером. У него большой дом и красивая машина.

 

 

XII. Read and translate the text. Answer the questions.

 

THEY ARE BOTH UNHAPPY

 

Look at this man. He’s Elton Kash. He’s a pop star. He’s very rich and famous. Look at his house. It’s large and expensive, and there’s a swimming pool in the garden. There are ten bedrooms in the house. Elton’s car’s American. It’s 1978 Lincoln Continental. It’s fast and comfortable. In his car there’s a radio a cocktail cabinet, a cigar lighter and electric windows.

But Elton isn’t happy…he’d like a Rolls-Royce.

 

Look at this man. He’s Mr. Wilson. He’s a teacher. He’s very poor and and he isn’t famous.

Look at his house. Mr. Wilson’s house is not large. There are only two bedrooms in it. There is a small garden behind the house. Mr. Wilson’s car’s English. It’s 1959 Mini. It’s slow and uncomfortable. In his car there isn’t a radio. There’s an engine, a steering-wheel and there are four wheels and two doors. Mr. Wilson isn’t happy. He’d like a new Mini.

 

  1. What is Elton Kash?
  2. What’s his house like?
  3. What’s there in his garden?
  4. What kind of car has he got?
  5. Why is Elton Kash unhappy?
  6. What is Mr. Wilson?
  7. What kind of car has he got?
  8. What’s his house like?
  9. Why is Mr. Wilson unhappy?

 

ОСНОВНОЙ КУРС

UNIT I.

 

LESSON I.

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

(ПРОСТОЕ НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ВРЕМЯ)

ФОРМА  
УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНАЯ   ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНАЯ   ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНАЯ  
  I, YOU, WE, THEY+ V     I.YOU, WE, THEY+DO+NOT+V     DO+I, YOU, THEY+V…?
HE, SHE, IT + Vs   HE,SHE, IT +DOES+NOT +V   DOES+HE+SHE+IT+V …?
I read books every evening. You read books every week. We read books every month. They read books every day. He reads English books. She reads English books.   I do not read English books. You do not read English books. We do not read English books. They do not read English books. He does not read English books. She does not read English books. Do we read books? Do you read books? Do they read books?   Does he read books? Does she read books?

 

Time expressions used with the Present Simple: usually, often, always, sometimes, seldom, every day/week/month/year, in the morning, in the evening, on Sunday, in winter.

 

 

Exercise I. Write the third person singular.

 

1. I go –he…. 6. We work –he …. 11. I visit –he…
2. You play –he…. 7. They study –she … 12. We watch TV –she …
3. We have dinner – she… 8. You get up –he …. 13. You come –he …
4. They write – he… 9. They walk – she …. 14. They know –she ….
5. I live –she … 10. We like –he …. 15. We look through –he ….

 

Exercise II. Use the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

 

1. I live in Russia. 6. My friend (to work) at a factory.
2. He (to go) to bed early. 7. Children (to like) ice-cream very much.
3. Mary (to have dinner) at 7 o’clock. 8. Ben (to drive) to the office every day.
4. Nick (to play) football every Sunday. 9. The banks (to open) at 9 o’clock.
5. Our students (to study) English. 10. Mother (to write) letters to her son.

 

Exercise III. Read and translate the sentences.

 

1.At our English classes we read texts, translate them, ask and answer questions, write tests and dictations. 2. Mary and Ben listen to the latest news every night. 3. My sister comes home at 7 o’clock. 4. The students of our group go to the University six days a week. 5. Steve gets up early on Sundays. 6. They watch TV every night. 7. The sun rises in the east. 8. His friends usually have lunch in the café. 9. Her brother goes skiing every weekend in winter. 10. I always get presents (gifts) on my birthday. 11. The train leaves in an hour. 12. She often visits her parents.

 

Exercise I V. Answer the questions, as in the example.

 

1. Does Pete watch TV in the evening? (Always)

Yes, Pete always watches TV in the evening.

Do they write dictations every week? (as a rule)

Yes, they as a rule write dictations every week.

 

2.Does he have lunch at 12 noon? (Usually). 3. Do the Blacks go to the theatre on Sundays? (Often.). 4. Does your friend like to go skiing in winter? (Sometimes). 5. Does your son play football with his schoolmates? (As a rule). 6. Does Sally help her children do their homework? (Often). 7. Does their daughter take the dog for a walk? (Sometimes). 8. Do you study English words every evening? (Usually). 9. Do they get to work by car? (Always). 10. Does your teacher speak English at your English classes? (As a rule). 11. Does she get up at 9? (Seldom).

 

Exercise V. Answer the questions, as in the example.

 

1. Does Mary get up at 7 o’clock on Sundays?

No, she does not (doesn’t). Mary does not (doesn’t) get up at 7 o’clock on Sundays.

Do they write dictations every day?

No, they do not (don’t) write dictations every day.

 

2. Does your friend get to wok by bus? 3. Do you live in America? 4. Do they like to go to the cinema every week? 5. Does your brother often visit doctors? 6. Does his son play tennis? 7. Do you always have a shower in the morning? 8. Does your husband shave his face twice a day? 9. Do your children like fish? 10. Does Bob have breakfast at ten o’clock? 11. Does your mother like to cook? 12. Do banks open on Sundays?

 

Exercise YI. Write sentences, as in the example.

 

1. he/ get to work/ by bus/ every day. He gets to work by bus every day.

2. she/ cook/ meal/ three times a day.

3. Nick/ take pills/ twice a day.

4. His parents / live/ in Boston.

5. Their children /attend/ French classes/ on Saturday.

6. My friend / drive/ very fast.

7. Mr. Black /know/ French/ very well.

8. They /speak/ English/ fluently.

9. On Mondays/ they/ go/ to the swimming-pool.

10. On my birthday/ I/ get/ beautiful/ flowers.

 

 

Exercise VII. Read the text

English Breakfast

 

Everyone has heard of the English breakfast. When someone says to you: “Breakfast in England”, what do you think of first? Bacon and eggs, of course! Actually, the English breakfast is going out of fashion. Very many people, nowadays, have what they call a “continental” breakfast of coffee and toast –nothing more. But there are families where they eat a “proper” breakfast. And in hotels, in country inns and, perhaps best of all, in restaurant cars on trains, you can still get the real thing.

 

Exercise VIII. Answer the questions.

 

1.Is the English breakfast going actually out of fashion? 2. What kind of breakfast do many Englishmen have nowadays? 3. Where can we still get a “proper” breakfast in England?

 

HOME EXERCISES.

 

Exercise I. Translate sentences from Russian into English.

 

1.Она говорит по-французски? – Нет, она говорит по-английски. 2. Вы живете в Америке? – Да, я живу в США. 3. Ваш отец курит? – Нет, он не курит. 4. Эллис (Alice) встает рано по воскресеньям? – Нет, она встает в девять часов по воскресеньям. 5. Мы часто смотрим телевизор по вечерам. 6. Мистер Блэк обычно обедает в кафе. 7. Мои дети не любят мороженое. 8. Ее муж часто отводит детей в школу. 9. Мари не катается на лыжах . 10. Мистер Браун добирается до офиса пешком. Ему обычно требуется 20 минут, чтобы добраться до офиса.(It takes him 20 minutes to get to the office.) 11. Они часто гуляют в парке после работы.

 

Exercise II. Insert do, does.

 

1. She (not to study) English. 2. …your friend smoke? 3. You (not to get) home by bus. 4. … they like swimming? 5. My parents (not to work) now. 6. …you often go to the library? 7. I (not to know) her new address. 8. They (not to visit) their friends every weekend. 9. ..it often rain in Egypt? 10. My watch (not to tell) the right time. 11. The Blacks (not to go) to the theatre once a week. 12. They (not to live) in the centre of the city.

 

 

Exercise III. Tell your partner three things you do every day.

 

Exercise IV. Write a short story about your daily routine.

 

LESSON II.

SPECIAL QUESTIONS (СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ)

 

WHAT

WHERE

WHEN
HOW
HOW MANY
HOW MUCH + DO + Subject + V……?
HOW OFTEN DOES
HOW OLD
HOW LONG
WHY

 

Mr. Black gets to his office by car at seven o’clock.

Where does Mr. Black get by car at seven o’clock?

When does Mr. Black get to his office by car?

How does Mr. Black get to his office?

WHO + Vs + ..?

ВОПРОС К ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕМУ

Mr. Black gets to his office by car at seven o’clock.

Who gets to the office by car at seven o’clock?

Mr. Black does.

 

Children like ice-cream.

Who likes ice-cream?

Children do.

 

Exercise I. Write the questions.

 

  1. what/ have/ breakfast.

What do you have for breakfast?

  1. when/ leave/ for work
  2. how/ get/ work
  3. how often/ go/ gym
  4. what/do/ evenings
  5. who/ cook/ meal
  6. where/ have lunch
  7. when/ get up
  8. how many hours/ work/a day
  9. what time/ go/bed
  10. how often/ watch TV
  11. who/ take/children /school

 

Exercise II. Make questions. Begin the questions with the words in brackets.

 

1. Mary works at school from Monday till Friday (Where/ How long/ Who)

2. I listen to the latest news late night. (What/ When)

3. He goes to work by bus every day (Where/How/Who)

4. The students go to the library twice a week after their classes (Who/ Where/ How often/When)

5. His parents live in the country house (Who/Where)

6. They go shopping twice a month (Who/How often)

7. Children like to play computer games (Who/What)

8. I buy milk and bread every day (Who/ What/)

 

Exercise III. Answer the following questions.

 

1. Where do you live? 2. Where does your mother live? 3. How do you get to work? 4. When do you have lunch? 5. Where do you usually have lunch? 6. What do you usually have for dinner? 7. Who cooks meal for you? 8. What newspapers do you read? 9. How often do you see your friends? 10. Who takes your children to school? 11. How often do you go to the park? 12. What languages do you speak? 13. How many languages does your friend speak? 14. What language does your teacher teach you? 15. How does your family spend weekends?

 

Exercise IV. Give short answers to the following questions.

 

1. Who gets up at seven o’clock?

2. Who cooks meal for you and your children?

3. Who takes children to school?

4. Who walks with your dog?

5. Who looks after your garden?

6. Who teaches you English?

7. Who often rings you up?

8. Who goes shopping in your family?

9. Who likes fruit in your family?

10. Who drives a car in your family?

 

HOME EXERCISES

 

Exercise I. Translate the sentences into English.

 

1.Eе дети любят мороженое. 2. Когда отправляется наш поезд? 3. Где мой чемодан? 4. Мистер Браун работает в Париже. 5. Он не знает ни одного иностранного языка. 6. Мой брат часто пишет письма родителям. 7. Я не люблю кипяченое молоко. 8. Боб не ходит на работу пешком, он ездит на автобусе. 9. Самолет прибывает в 8 часов. 10. В Лондоне часто идет дождь. 11. Где они обычно обедают? 12. Как часто вы делаете покупки?

 

 

Exercise II. Read the text and answer the questions.

 

A LIFE WITH DOLPHINS

 

Dr. Jonathan Casey has a very busy lifestyle. He is a teacher, a tour guide and an author, all at the same time. Jonathan is from England, but he lives in the USA and works at the Dolphin Centre in Florida. He spends all his time with his favourite animals, dolphins.

At the centre, Jonathan works from 9 o’clock in the morning until 7 o’clock in the evening. He teaches visitors all about dolphins- where they live, what they eat and what they can do.

He also takes people on trips to swim with dolphins in the sea at the weekends. Jonathan loves to be in the water with the dolphins and touch their long bodies and their big tails.

Jonathan also writes books about dolphins. There are lots of different types of dolphins. There are grey, black and brown ones that live in seas and oceans. There are also pink dolphins that live in rivers in South America and Asia.

Jonathan likes the way he lives. “Dolphins are my life. I like to be with them and to help other people learn about these beautiful animals,” he says.

 

  1. What is Jonathan Casey?
  2. Where does he live and work?
  3. Where does he spend all his time?
  4. Who does he teach?
  5. Why does Jonathan take people on trips?
  6. How many types of dolphins are there in the text?
  7. Does Jonathan like the way he lives?
  8. Why does Jonathan like the way he lives?

 

Exercise III. Ask as many questions as you can about a typical weekend of your friend.

LESSON III.

ALTERNATIVE AND TAG QUESTIONS (АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЙ И РАЗДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ВОПРОСЫ)

 

 



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