ПРОЦЕСС БУРЕНИЯ – DRILLING

Теоретическая часть – Theoretical part

В рамках этого практического занятия студенты работают с текстом практического занятия 8 ( 14). Для построения монологического высказывания на английском языке о процессе бурения необходимо владеть следующим материалом: лексикой, предложенной в теоретической части практическогозанятия 8, и навыками пересказа текста. По грамматике – повторение Present Simple & Present Continuous.

Задания – Activities

Задание 1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

Activity 1. Read and learn by heart the following words:

crew бригада

drilling operations буровые работы/опреации

pre-set depth заданная глубина

oil trap нефтяная ловушка

to locate располагаться/ находиться

to place устанавливать/ ставить

collar пояс/ манжета/ кольцо

to attach прикреплять

to circulate mud подавать раствор

to prevent from collapsing предотвратить от разрушения

spacers распорки

bottom plug забойная заглушка

cement slurry цементный раствор

to harden затвердевать

hole отверстие/ скважина / шурф

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Activity 2. Read and translate the text:

Drilling

The crew sets up the rig and starts the drilling operations. First, from the starter hole, they drill a surface hole down to a pre-set depth, which is somewhere above where, they think, the oil trap is located. There are five basic steps to drilling the surface hole. You can read them below.

1. They place a drill bit, a collar and a drill pipe in the hole. 2. Then the kelly and turntable are attached and the drilling is starting. 3. As drilling progresses, it is necessary to circulate mud through the pipe and out of the bit to flow at the rock cuttings out of the hole. 4. When is necessary, new sections (joints) of drill pipes should be added as the hole gets deeper.

5. When the pre-set depth (it may be from a few hundred to a couple-thousand feet) is reached, the crew removes or trips out the drill pipe. Other operations should be started. Once they have reached pre-set depth, they must run and cement the casing – place casing-pipe sections into the hole to prevent it from collapsing in on itself. The casing pipe has spacers around the outside to keep it centered in the hole. The casing crew puts the casing pipe in the hole. The cement crew pumps cement down the casing pipe using a bottom plug, cement slurry, a top plug and drill mud. The pressure from the drill mud causes the cement slurry to move through the casing and fill the space between the outside of the casing and the hole. Finally, the cement is allowed to harden and then is tested for such properties as hardness, alignment and a proper seal.

Задание 3. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы:

Activity 3. Answer the following questions:

1. What does the crew do from the starter hole?

2. What are the main steps of drilling?

3. What is necessary to complete after reaching pre-set depth?

4. What does cement crew do during drilling operations?

5. What tests is it required to do after cement hardening?

Задание 4. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям:

Activity 4. Give Russian equivalents to the following phrases:

Drilling operations, oil trap is located, as drilling progresses, through the pipe, to trip out drill pipes, a couple-thousand feet, once they have reached, to move through the casing, to fill the space between, the cement is allowed to harden.

Задание 6. Заполните пропуски, используя слова, данные ниже( oдно слово ис-пользуется только один раз):

Activity 6. Fill the gaps using the words given below:

( each, was, power, is, in, to, from, motor, electrodrills, swivel, which, speed, means, consists, rotation).

The first bottom hole electro drill …was…designed in 1937 in Russia by engineers Ostrovskiy and Alexandrov. 1500 r.p.m. electric …motor… was provided with a reduction gear to ease drill revolution. The diameter of ……electrodrills…… can be varied …from.. 215 to 250 mm, length is from 7,5m to 12m and rotation ……power…. from 500 to 700 r.p.m. Electrodrill ……consists…… of an electric motor in oil bath and a spindle for transmission of the ……speed…. and power on the bit. The electric motor …is. provided with a hollow shaft through …which…… circulating drilling mud is passing to the bit. The electrodrill is powered by …swivel….. of a special 3-line cable fixed on …each…. drill pipe of proper size. A fixed electrical …rotation… transmits electric …means.. to the bottom hole motor.

Задание 7. Переведите следующие предложения :

Activity 7. Translate the following sentences into English:

1.После монтажа буровой установки бригада начинает буровые работы.

2.Вначале они бурят поверхностное отверстие до заданной глубины, которое находится где-то над нефтяной ловушкой.

3.Затем они устанавливают долото, манжету и буровую трубу в скважину, а потом прикрепляется ведущая буровая труба и поворотный стол.

4.Необходимо подавать буровую жидкость через трубу и долото с тем, чтобы вымывать остатки пород(шлам) из скважины.

5.Как только они достигли заданной глубины, они должны зацементировать обсадную трубу, чтобы предотвратить обрушение скважины.

6.Бригада обсадчиков устанавливает обсадные трубы в скважину, а цемент- ная бригада закачивает цемент по обсадной трубе.

7.После затвердения цемента его проверяют на такие свойства как твердость, ровность и надлежащая герметичность.

Задание 8.Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в одном из времен Simple: Present Simple, Present Continuous or Present Perfect Continuous:

Activity8. Open brackets and write the verbs in proper Tense:

( have/has been working- Present perfect Cont.| are/is working- Present Cont.)

1. My brother (work)……….. at a research Institute. He (work) …………………

……….. there for 5 years since 2000. He (work) ……………………….. on his thesis now. 2. Professor M. (take) ……….. courses in English and American lite – rature. He (know) ………….. 6 foreign languages and he (speak) …………… and

(read) ……….. 4 languages fluently. At present he (learn) ……………………….

Japanese. He (learn) …………………………….. it for some months. 3. What you (do) ……………….. here? – I (translate) ……………………………. an article about Sheldon’s life. I think you (translate) ………………………………… it for a long time. 4. What you usually (do) ………………………………. in the evenings? I usually (do) …….my English, (read) ………. interesting books or so-

metimes (watch) ………… TV. Now I (write) ………………… a report.