Тема 5. Перевод инфинитива и инфинитивных конструкций

Перевод английского инфинитива в функции обстоятельства цели, следствия и в функции обстоятельства последующего действия.

Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели и следствия можно переводить:

- неопределенной формой глагола,

- личной формой глагола,

- сочиненным и придаточным предложением цели и следствия.

Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства последующего действия всегда переводится личной формой глагола и выступает в предложении как однородное сказуемое, например:

He arrived only to learn that she had left

Он приехал и узнал, что она уже отбыла.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ.

1. A group of sixteen employees have filed a suit charging that the company tried to intimidate them into abandoning their plan to form a union not to be tied down by a collective bargain.
2. The government introduced what it believed could become a revolutionary welfare system only to find out that it failed to encourage people off benefits and into work
3. Europeans know enough of the single currency now to have lost almost all faith in its benefits
4. The country was oiled with so much cash as to appear secure in its prosperity
5. It took the increasing risk of bankruptcy and the global economic uncertainty to panic managers into a clampdown on employee spending
6. Most analysts agree that the government’s latest decree alone is enough to wreck the competitiveness of an emerging manufacturing sector
7. Lorry drivers went back to work only to see their business taxed and regulated to death
8. The country’s best hope of escaping the commodity cycle died down to leave people more desperate than before
9. She came to the job interview to find the position she had applied for alredy filled
10. The company opened three more branches to expand its operations in the area

Перевод инфинитива в функции определения.

Инфинитив в функции определения можно переводить на русский язык:

- неопределенной формой глагола,

- личной формой глагола,

- определительными придаточными предложениями, которые могут передавать модальное значение (а) необходимости или (б) возможности, или отнесенность к будущему времени, например:

He was not a man to take things at their face value

Он был не из тех, кто принимает все за чистую монету.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ.

1. The CEO was the last to speak at the meeting
2. Relative economic stability is a condition not only to be enjoyed but to be cherished
3. The leading European countries find themselves is a position to bail out their less fortunate partners
4. Many workers may have their wages frozen under government proposals to be piloted this spring
5. Moves to ban traditional light bulbs are being looked at by the government in the battle against climate change. The aim is to encourage consumers to buy energy-saving bulbs, which last on average up to twelve times as long
6. The government’s proposals to cut social benefits have been hardly criticized by the opposition leaders
7. In the struggle against poverty social responsible business has a unique role to play
8. His drive to modernize the country has received wholehearted public support

Перевод инфинитива в комплексах.

Инфинитив в комплексах переводится при помощи:

- неопределенной формы глагола,

- соответствующего придаточного предложения.

( В этом случае все зависит от функции инфинитивного комплекса в предложении.) При данном способе перевода происходят синтаксические замены (простое предложение заменяется сложноподчиненным).

- сочинительной связи, если это инфинитивный комплекс с предлогом « », а инфинитив выступает как сказуемое второй части сочиненного предложения, например:

Here is another report for you to look through

Вот еще один отчет, просмотри его.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ.

1. Cut your clothes according to cloths. It’s a good thing for everyone to know.
2. Promotion means yet another incentive for all employees to work harder
3. The Competition Commission is reported to rule out an enforced break-up of the company. yet the regulator believes the company has too few competitors for the restriction on it to be lifted
4. What the management wants is for all the employees to understand clearly that massive layoffs are inevitable.
5. This is no time for us to attempt to break into new market
6. The negotiations seem to have been completed
7. The original guess that world stock markets would continue to fall would proved to be right
8. In his prediction manifesto he claimed to solve the problem of unemployment
9. In the past few years governments across the world had searched frantically for effective measures to prevent incomes from dropping and the value of peoples savings from slumping
10. In Spain and Portugal GDP appears to be rising, if only by a feeble 0.2% in the second quarter
11. Greece’s economy is likely to shrink by 1.5 % in the second quarter
12. The figures from France seem to be quite solid (if based more on consumer spending that exports)
13. Small producers of niche capital goods are highly unlikely to see a surge in orders
14. A sovereign-debt crisis and regional imbalance seem to threaten the single currency’s very existence. It will take a lot more than wishful thinking for the problem to go away
15. Fears of a renewed recession in America prove to be overblown
16. A stitch in time saves nine. This is something for our policy makers to chew on
17. Jobs growth turned out to be scarce last year
18. Acute competition appears to have driven margins down. The best firms used to make returns on equity above 30 %. Even the laggards could clock 20 % without breaking a sweat. Now the best that most can hope for is the teens and even that is sure to require chopping and changing