THE CIRCUS COMES TO TOWN 3 страница

2. Paraphrase:

1) Everybody is buying summer hats now.

2) Everybody is eager to read this book now. You can’t find it on the shelves.

3. Translate :

1) Такие костюмы пользовались большим спросом прошлой осенью.

2) Интересно, будет ли новая книга этогописателя пользоваться спросом?

3) Этот журнал давно пользуется большим спросом.

4) Летом спрос на зимние вещи не особенно велик.

A JOURNAL — A MAGAZINE

1. Answer these questions:

1) What is the difference between a journal and a magazine?

2) What journals and magazines are in great demand in our country?

3) What kind of journals do you have to read at your office?

EXPERIENCE, EXPERIENCED, INEXPERIENCED, SKILLED

1. Make up sentences using the following word combinations:

Models: They have had a lot of experience in teaching children.

            He hasn’t enough experience to do that.

to have

a lot of some enough not much

experience

to teach Russian to perform parts (operations, etc.) to work with machines of this kind to look after little children to take part in competitions to receive guests

2. Complete these sentences:

I know by (from) experience that ... .

... I know it from experience.

3. Translate:

1) Проработав вбольнице более десяти лет, т. Петров стал опытным врачом. 2) Я знаю по опыту, что совсем нетрудно обучить ребенка иностранному языку. 3) Достаточно ли у него опыта, чтобы работать здесь? 4) Директор этой школы — человек с большим жизненным опытом. 5) Десять лет тому назад он был неопытным преподавателем. 6) Ее опытный глаз сразу заметил ошибку.

ТО GAIN

1. Translate:

1) If a young man works at a factory a few years before entering an institute, he will gain a lot and lose nothing. 2) Having spent several years among the Africans the scientist gained a wide knowledge of their life. 3)The scientific work of the young engineer soon gained recognition. 4) During the holidays the boy gained two kilograms.

2. Translate and give sentences of your own:

to gain information, to gain time, to gain experience, to gain profits, to gain popularity.

3. Translate:

1) Вы очень много приобретете, если прочитаете эту книгу. 2) За последнее время он приобрел большой опыт в работе. 3) Я советую вам посетить эту выставку. Вы многое приобретете.

CLOSE, CLOSE TO, CLOSELY

1. Use a synonym or a synonymous expression instead of the words in black type:

1) His house is quite near. 2) Now we are quite near the station. 3) He found the picture so interesting that he looked carefully at it for a long time. 4) Having examined the papers carefully the policeman returned them.

2. Translate:

1) Кто из них ваш самый близкий друг? 2)Интересно, за кем он так пристально наблюдает? 3) После тщательной проверки чертеж (the drawing) был принят.

ТО СОМЕ TО KNOW (ТО GET ТО KNOW)

1. Use a synonymous expression :

1) Having worked together for two years they learned a lot about each other. 2) I am sure you will grow fond of him when you have spent more time with him and seen what kind of man he is. 3)At first it was difficult for the young woman to manage the kindergarten, but in six months there she gained experience and became an excellent manager.

2. Translate:

1) Путешествуя по странам Азии, ученый хорошо узнал жизнь народов этих стран. 2) Прочитав много газет и журналов, он познакомился G последними данными по экономике Индии. 3) Вам понравится этот человек, если вы с ним поближе познакомитесь.

A STRIKE, ТО GO (BE) ON STRIKE

1. Translate:

1) to be on strike, to break a strike, a twenty-four-hour strike, to go on strike, a three-day strike, a general strike.

2) Я прочитал в газете, что рабочие многих заводов Парижа решили объявить забастовку. 3) Рабочие завода Симпсона и Kº бастуют с прошлой недели.

IN SPITE OF, IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT...

1. Translate and complete these sentences:

a. 1) Невзирая на трудности ... .

2) Несмотря на головную боль ... .

3) Невзирая на холодный ветер ... .

4) Невзирая на опасность ... .

5) Несмотря на плохое здоровье ... .

6) Несмотря на плохую погоду ... .

b. 1) Несмотря на то, что он очень плохо себя чувствовал ... .

2) Несмотря на то, что операция была очень серьезной ... .

3) Несмотря на то, что у него было мало опыта ... .

4) Несмотря на то, что профессор устал ... .

ТО EXPOSE

1. Translate :

1) За последнее время было опубликовано несколько статей, разоблачающих расовую дискриминацию в США.

2) В своей речи Джон Рид разоблачил истинный характер первой мировой войны.

ТО INCREASE

1. Translate:

1) Her skill in teaching little children increased as she gained experience.

2) Old Sally’s troubles increased when a new baby appeared in the family.

3) The birth of the baby increased old Sally’s troubles.

2. Translate and complete these sentences:

1) Его опыт возрос после того, как ... .

2) Опасность возрастет, если больной ... .

3) Увеличатся ли трудности, если ... .

PROFIT(S)

1. Answer these questions:

1) In what way do the capitalists increase their profits?

2) Do the imperialists gain a lot of profit from their colonies?

Why don’t the imperialist countries want to give all the African countries their independence?

2. Translate :

увеличивать прибыли, наживаться (получать прибыли), большие прибыли.

EXPENSE, EXPENSES, AT THE EXPENSE OF...

1. Answer these questions:

1) What do your monthly expenses usually come to?

2) What do your travelling expenses come to when you go to the South by car (train, air)?

3) Why mustn’t children study at the expense of their sleep and daily walks?

2. Translate :

1) За последнее время расходы Симпсонов увеличились.

2) Нельзя заниматься спортом в ущерб здоровью.

3) Наши путевые издержки составили 30 рублей.

ТО IMPRESS

1. Paraphrase, giving two versions:

1)The new film made a great impression on everybody.

2) Which of the actors made the greatest impression on you?

3) The story didn’t make any impression on anybody.

2. Answer these questions:

1) Which of the latest films has impressed you most?

2) Why were you impressed by it?

3) What kind of books are you usually impressed by?

3. Translate giving three versions :

1) Статья произвела на всех глубокое впечатление.

2) Фильм совсем не произвел на нас впечатления.

3) Этот рассказ произвел на вас впечатление?

GUILTY (OF SOMETHING)

1. Translate :

1) Суд признал Джемса Смита невиновным (виновным).

2) В чем он повинен?

3) Он ни в чем не повинен.

4) Почему у него такой виноватый вид? (Почему он выглядит виноватым?)

AN EVENT

1. Answer these questions:

1) Can you describe an event clearly if you haven’t seen it yourself?

2) What sporting events do you like best of all?

3) What interesting events have taken place in the world lately?

2. Translate :

1) Последние события произвели на всех большое впечатление.

2) Он первый рассказал нам об этом событии.

3) Это событие потрясло мир.

4) Интересно, принимал ли он участие в последних спортивных соревнованиях.

A WORK, THE WORKS OF

1. Translate and use these word combinations in sentences of your own:

произведение искусства; произведения Пушкина;

произведения Диккенса.

FORWARD

1. Make up sentences:

Model: He was the first to go forward.

to swim forward, to run forward, to jump forward, to move forward, to come forward.

XXI. Complete the following sentences (See Note on the text № 2):

1. I want you to be the first (the last) to ... .

2. I’d like him to be the first to ... .

3. Do you want me to be the first to ... .

4. Would you like to be the last to ... .

5. Who was the first (the last) to ...

XXII.    Translate the following sentences:

1. Кто первый сдавал экзамен по английскому языку в прошлом году? 2. Кто хочет первым отвечать? 3. Яне хочу отвечать последним. 4. Джон Рид первым рассказал американскому народу правду о русской революции.

XXIII. Give the four forms of the following verbs:

to shake, to take, to give, to leave, to come, to become, to ring, to lie, to die, to stop, to study, to play, to find, to catch, to teach, to buy, to bring, to sell, to pay, to keep, to hold, to lead, to travel, to rise, to raise.

XXIV. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbial particles where necessary:

1. When Mary was to open a meeting ... the first time ... her life, her voice shook ... excitement. 2. The young scientist shook hands ... his friends who had come ... the airport to see him ... . 3. I wonder why Bob is such an ill-natured boy. It’s a pity he takes ... his mother only ... appearance! 4. Ask Kate to join ... our party. She looks serious, but I know she is very gay ... nature and is fond ... singing and dancing. 5. Since more and more people are going ... ... winter sports to-day, skis are usually ... demand when winter is approaching, There is also a great demand ... skates. 6. I know ... my own experience that to gain a good knowledge ... a foreign language one must work hard ... it every day. 7. Having no experience ... teaching little children, Comrade Ivanov attended other teachers’ lessons before he himself began to teach. 8. ... spite ... a few English mistakes, everybody liked his report. 9. I don’t advise you to allow your son to go ... the cinema so often. I am sure he does it ... the expense ... his studies. 10. ... what year did the Russian people gain the victory ... Napoleon [nǝʹpoulɪǝn]? 11. What works ... Jack London have you read ... the original? 12. The other day I learned ... the newspapers that many French workers had been ... strike ... a month and a half. 13. Many Greek patriots have been arrested ... spite ... the fact that they are not guilty ... anything.

XXV.    Choose the correct word from those given in brackets:

l. When I saw that actress on the stage for the first time, she (to look like, to take after) a small girl. From her biography I learnt that she (to look like, to take after) her mother, who had also been a great actress. 2. If you want some information on trade, go to the Ministry library. There are a lot of good (magazines, journals) on the subject there. 3. After coming home from work, my father likes to spend an hour reading (a magazine, a journal). Some of them publish very interesting short stories. 4. Don’t be cross with the man! When you (to come to know, to learn, to find out, to recognize) him better you will find him a very good-natured person. 5. I am afraid I don’t know what time our meeting begins tomorrow. Can you (to come to know, to learn, to find out, to recognize) it for me? 6. After a month’s holiday in the Caucasus he lost ten kilos, and we hardly (to come to know, to learn, to find out, to recognize) him on his return. 7. I just (to come to know, to learn, to find out, to recognize) that it’s my turn to be on duty tomorrow. 8. You’ll (to win, to gain) much knowledge if you attend these lectures regularly. 9. I decided not to go to the exhibition as I have little time and I don’t expect (to win, to gain) much by the visit. 10. Look! The score is 2:2 now. Do you think Spartak will (to win, to gain) the game?

XXVI. Fill in the articles where necessary and retell the text:

In December 1936 during ... battle at ... approaches to Cordova [kɔ:ʹdouvǝ] in Spain, John Cornford, ... soldier in ... British battalion of ... International brigade, died ... death of ... hero.

Cornford was ... poet and ... journalist. He was one of ... leaders and organizers of ... Communist movement among ... British students. ... day before his death he became twenty one.

Cornford was born in 1915 in ... family of ... professor at ... Cambridge University. ... talented boy showed particular interest in ... History and Literature at rather ... early age. At sixteen Cornford began to study “Capital” by Karl Marx and ... works of Lenin. In 1932 he joined ... British Communist party. Two years later Cornford went to ... Cambridge University. ... good-natured youth became popular with ... students there.

Cornford did not have much experience, but he gained ... lot by reading and ... independent work. He was one of ... best students at ... University and a bright future lay ahead of him when ... event of great importance shook ... world: ... fascists unleashed ... cruel war against ... Spanish people. Cornford left ... University and became soldier in ... International brigade fighting in Spain for ... freedom and independence of ... Spanish people. In Spain Cornford wrote several articles exposing ... anti-socialist nature of ... fascism and ... true economic and political reasons which had brought ... fascism to life. Cornford did not live to see ... victory over German and Italian fascism in 1945, but he was one of those who gave their lives to win that victory, though he had fought for it long before ... Second World War broke out.

XXVII. Use the following words in situations of your own:

1) to take after

good (ill-)-natured

in spite of (the fact that ...)

to become close friends

2) to travel

to gain experience

to be the first to describe

the works of

in great demand

3) to read a lot

at the expense of

works of

to gain knowledge

experienced

4) to increase

profits

at the expense of...

to expose

5) to introduce

to seem

cruel by nature

to come to know better

good-natured

6) the sad news

to impress

to shake with excitement

to calm down

7) to go skiing and skating

experienced

to take part (in)

sporting events

to be the first (last) to come

XXVIII. Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary of the lesson:

1. Прочитав все рассказы, опубликованные в этом журнале за последнее время, я нашел, что некоторые из них особенно интересны. 2. Обменявшись рукопожатием с моим приятелем и со мной, журналист спросил нас, сможем ли мы ответить на несколько вопросов. 3. „Мне бы хотелось, чтобы он пошел в отца, — сказала молодая мать, глядя на спящего ребенка. — Мой муж по натуре очень добрый и веселый человек“. 4. Будучи добродушным человеком, он не обратил внимания на их шутки (a joke). 5. Будучи в командировке, я однажды пошел в местный театр и получил большое удовольствие от спектакля. Меня особенно поразила игра актера, исполнявшего главную роль. 6. Проработав несколько лет на заводе, Петр накопил большой опыт. 7. Несмотря на то, что этот поэт не получил специального (professional) образования, почти все его книги пользуются большим спросом. 8. После двухмесячного пребывания (stay) в пионерском лагере мой сын поправился на два килограмма. 9. „Вы должны приобретать больше опыта для вашей будущей работы. Нашей стране нужно будет все больше и больше опытных врачей и инженеров“, — сказал профессор, обращаясь к студентам, пригласившим его на свое собрание. 10. Узнав о том, что в городе Патерсоне забастовали рабочие-текстильщики, известный американский журналист Джон Рид немедленно отправился туда. 11. В своих статьях Джон Рид разоблачал империалистов, развязавших войну для того, чтобы получить прибыли. 12. Имя Линкольна, одного из величайших сынов Америки, известно всему миру. Три тысячи американцев, отправившихся в 1936 году в Испанию сражаться против фашизма, назвали свой батальон (battalion) именем Линкольна (дали своему батальону имя Линкольна).

SPEECH EXERCISES

XXIX. Retell the text.

XXX.    Tell the biographies of Nikolai Ostrovsky, Robert Burns, Abraham Lincoln and Albert R. Williams using the key words and expressions given below:

Nikolai Ostrovsky (1904 - 1936)

in the Ukraine                           to fall ill

the Civil (гражданская) War    to have to stay in bed

to take an active part                in spite of

to become an active fighter        to have a lot of experience

to serve (one’s country, in        to make up one’s mind

the army)                               to describe

historic events                           How the Steel Was Tempered

to come to know                       Как закалялась сталь

to be seriously wounded           to be in demand

to join the Communist              particularly

Party (1924)                          to be popular

Robert Burns (1759 - 1796)

[ʹrɔbət ʹbə:nz]

to earn one’s living                   to be gay by nature

to work in the fields                  to begin to write poems (at

in spite of                                      the age of 16)

his first book of poems             to greet

to publish                                  poor health

to move to Edinburgh [ʹedɪnbǝrǝ] particularly hard

(the capital of Scotland)        to pay one’s debts

to be a success as a poet           to die in poverty

to gain popularity                         [ʹpɔvǝtɪ] нищета

the French Revolution (l789)    to be in great demand

to break out

Abraham Lincoln (1809 - 1865)

[ʹeɪbrǝhæm ʹlɪŋkǝn]

to earn one’s living to work as a postman

to have a lot of experience in different trades

to see the slave-trade (торговля рабами) in New Orleans [ʹnju: ʹɔ:lɪǝnz]

to become an active fighter against slavery (рабство)

to be one of the first to raise his voice against race discrimination

to become a member of Congress (1847)

to become President of the USA (1860)

a Civil War between the North and the South (1861)

to break out

the liberation of the Negroes

a historic event of great importance

to gain the victory over the slave-owners

to be dangerously wounded (9th April, 1865)

to die (14th April, 1865)

Albert R. Williams (an American Journalist) (1883 - 1962)

[ʹælbǝt ʹɑ: ʹwɪljǝmz]

to be a close friend (of John Reed’s)

to take part in World War I

to arrive in Russia as a journalist (19l6)

to see the historic events

to join the Red Army

to organize the International Battalion of the Red Army

to leave for his native country (June, 1918)

to tell the truth about the Great October Revolution

to expose the enemies of Soviet Russia

to be a true friend of the Soviet Union

XXXI. Tell the following text in English using the active vocabulary of the lesson:

Это произошло в США 17 октября 1859 г. В этот день небольшая группа людей, перейдя реку Потомак (Potomak) [pəʹtoumək], захватила арсенал (captured the arsenal) в одном из городов Виргинии (Virginia) [və:ʹdʒɪ:njə]. Руководителем этих смелых людей был фермер по имени Джон Браун. У него было всего 22 человека, которым пришлось сражаться против опытных солдат, посланных правительством. Однако эти люди были побеждены только к вечеру, когда число (the number) солдат, сражавшихся против них, увеличилось, так как прибыла еще одна воинская часть из Балтиморы (Baltimore) [ʹbɔ:ltɪmɔ:]. Почти все люди Джона Брауна были убиты. Среди убитых было и двое его сыновей. Сам он был тяжело ранен.

Когда Джон Браун был арестован, он заявил, что борется за освобождение негров и против тех, кто хочет наживаться (получать прибыли) за их счет. Впервые в истории США белый человек поднялся на борьбу против расовой дискриминации.

Из документов, найденных врагами Брауна, после того как он был арестован, выяснилось, что события, происходившие 17 октября были лишь началом в планах Джона Брауна. Он намеревался раздать ружья (guns), захваченные в арсенале, неграм Виргинии и с их помощью продолжать борьбу. В своем проекте конституции (a draft constitution) будущего свободного государства Джон Браун разоблачал рабство (slavery) в США, как самую жестокую войну одной части народа против другой.

Джон Браун предстал перед судом рабовладельцев (slaveowners). Он был признан виновным и казнен (убит). Это событие потрясло всю страну. Когда год спустя многие американцы поднялись на борьбу с рабством, их армия шла вперед с песней о Джоне Брауне. И сейчас имя Джона Брауна особенно дорого тем, кто борется против расовой дискриминации.

XXXII. Write or tell the biography of a well-known fighter for the happiness of his people.

 

LESSON 2

Grammar: Времена группы Continuous страдательного залога (Continuous Tense-forms Passive Voice) (§ 3)

Revision:    Indefinite and Perfect Tense-forms Passive Voice (Table 7)

Text:

MISTAKEN IDENTITY

(adapted from a story by Mark Twain)

Mark Twain is the pen-name of Samuel Clemens, America’s greatest humorist.

He was born in the family of a small town lawyer in 1835. When Sam was twelve years old, his father died, and the boy had to earn a living for himself. So he began to work at a printshop in his native town. Later on he became a pilot on the Mississippi. Mark Twain always thought that his days on the Mississippi were the happiest in his life.

As a writer he was successful from the very start.

Mark Twain’s story of Jim Smiley and his Jumping Frog* made him famous all over America. This story was followed by a number of short stories and novels.

Most of Mark Twain’s early writings sparkle with gay humour. As he advanced in years, however, all the evils of capitalist America became obvious to him. This brought a pessimistic note into his later works. Mark Twain died in 1910.

* * *

Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca, New York, where I was to change trains and take the sleeper. There were crowds of people on the platform, and they were all trying to get into the long sleeper train which was already packed. I asked the young man in the booking-office if I could have a sleeping-car and he answered: “No.” I went off and asked another local official if I could have some poor little corner somewhere in a sleeping-car, but he interrupted me angrily saying, “No, you can’t, every corner is full. Now, don’t bother me any more,” and he turned his back and walked off. I felt so hurt that I said to my companion, “If these people knew who I am, they ...”¹ But my companion stopped me there, — “Don’t talk such nonsense,” he said, “if they knew who you are, do you think it would help you to get a vacant seat in a train which has no vacant seats in it?”¹

This did not improve my condition at all, but just then I noticed that the porter of a sleeping-car had his eye on me. I saw the expression of his face suddenly change. He whispered to the uniformed conductor, pointing to me and I understood I was being talked about. Then the conductor came forward, his face all politeness.

“Can I be of any service to you?”² he asked.

“Will you have a place in the sleeper?”

“Yes,” I said, “I’ll be grateful to you if you can give me a place, anything will do.”

“We have nothing left except the big family compartment,” he continued, “With two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these suit-cases aboard!”

Then he touched his hat, and we moved along³. I was eager to say a few words to my companion, but I changed my mind. The porter made us comfortable in the compartment, and then said, with many bows and smiles:

“Now, is there anything you want, sir? Because you can have just anything you want.”

“Can I have some hot water?” I asked.

“Yes, sir, I’ll get it myself.”

“Good! Now, that lamp is hung too high above the berth. Can I have a better lamp fixed⁴ just at the head of my bed below the luggage rack, so that I can read comfortably?”

“Yes, sir. The lamp you want is just being fixed in the next compartment. I’ll get it from there and fix it here. It’ll burn all night. Yes, sir, you can ask for anything you want, the whole railroad will be turned inside out to please you.” And he disappeared.

I smiled at my companion, and said:

“Well, what do you say now? Didn’t their attitude change the moment they learned that I was Mark Twain?” My companion did not answer. So I added, “Don’t you like the way you are being served? And all for the same fare.”

As I was saying this, the porter’s smiling face appeared in the doorway and this speech followed:

“Oh, sir, I recognized you the minute I set my eyes on you. I told the conductor so.”

“Is that so, my boy?” I said handing him a good tip. “Who am I?”

“Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” he said and disappeared again.

NOTES ON THE TEXT

1. “If these people knew who I am, they ...”— „Если бы эти люди знали, кто я такой, они бы ...“

“If they knew who you are, do you think it would help you to get a vacant seat ...?” — „Если бы они знали кто вы, неужели вы думаете, что это помогло бы вам достать свободное место ...?“