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THE VERB TO SHOW IN ALL THE TENSE-FORMS, ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES
 2020-02-04 |
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| The Active Voice | The Passive Voice | |||||||||
| Формы Время | Indefinite (факты, повторяющиеся действия) | Continuous (действие, происходящее в данный момент) | Perfect (предшествование данному моменту, законченность) | Perfect Continuous (действие, начавшееся в к.-л. момент и продолжающееся до др. данного момента или включая его) | Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | |||
| Present | I show Не shows We show | I am showing Не is showing We are showing | I have shown He has shown We have shown | I have been showing Не has been showing We have been showing | I am shown He is shown We are shown | I am being shown He is being shown We are being shown | I have been shown He has been shown We have been shown | - - - | ||
| Past | I showed He showed We showed | I was showing He was showing We were showing | I had shown He had shown We had shown | I had been showing He had been showing We had been showing | I was shown He was shown We were shown | I was being shown He was being shown We were being shown | I had been shown He had been shown We had been shown | - | ||
| Future | I shall show He will show We shall show | I shall be showing He will be showing We shall be showing | I shall He will We shall | have shown | I shall He will We shall | have been showing* | I shall be shown He will be shown We shall be shown | - - - | I shall have been shown He will have been shown We shall have been shown | |
| Future in the Past | I should show He would show We should show | I should be showing He would be showing We should be showing | I should He would We should | have shown | I should He would We should | have been showing* | I should be shown He would be shown We should be shown | - - - | I should have been shown He would have been shown We should have been shown | - |
| * Эти формы употребляются редко | ||||||||||
Table No. 8.
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
| (главное предложение — в сослагательном I) | (придаточное предложение условия — в сослагательном II) | |
| I shouldn ’ t ( wouldn ’ t ) worry | if they kept in touch with me. if I were you. | к настоящему или будущему времени |
| Не would help you | if he knew how. if he were here now. | |
| I should (would) have done it long ago | if I had had time. | к прошедшему времени. |
| He wouldn’t have bothered you | if you had explained everything in time. | |
| (главное предложение — в изъявительном наклонении) | (дополнительное придаточное и придаточное сопоставления — в сослагательном II) | |
| I wish She speaks | you knew it. I were you. as if she knew them. as if she were afraid. | к настоящему времени (одновременность) |
| I wish She speaks | he had come yesterday. as if she had seen it herself. | к прошедшему времени (предшествование) |
Table No. 9
9. PARTICIPLES I & II
| Причастие I простое типа: doing выражает одновременность | ||
| Употребление: I. Как обстоятельство: а) времени | Travelling about the country, he saw very many interesting things. | Путешествуя no стране, он видел много интересного. |
| b) причины | Knowing the life of the workers well, John Reed helped them in the struggle for their rights. Not knowing what was the matter, we couldn’t help her. | Так как Джон Рид хорошо знал жизнь рабочих, он помогал им в борьбе за их права. Не зная, что с ней, мы не могли ей помочь. |
| с) образа действия или сопутствующего действия | He stood looking thoughtfully out of the window. | Он стоял, задумчиво глядя в окно. |
| II. Как определение | John Reed’s speech exposing the war made a deep impression on everybody. | Речь Джона Рида, разоблачавшая войну, произвела на всех глубокое впечатление. |
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| Причастие I перфектное типа: having done выражает предшествование | ||
| Употребление: Как обстоятельство: а) причины | Having lost the key, they couldn’t get in. | Потеряв ключ, они не могли войти в комнату. |
| b) времени | Having left school, he went to work at a factory. | Окончив школу, он пошел работать на завод. |
| Причастие I перфектное в английском языке не употребляется как определение. | Everybody knows the name of the man who made that discovery. | Все знают имя человека, сделавшего это открытие. |
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| Причастие II типа painted ( done ) имеет значение страдательного залога | ||
| Употребление: как определение | We were greatly impressed by the events described in this article. | События, описанные в статье, произвели на нас большое впечатление. |
Table No. 10
MODAL VERBS
| Модальные глаголы и их значения | Примеры (2-е значение) | Синонимичные слова и выражения (2-е значение) | Возможные переводы на русский язык (2-е значение) | Примечания | ||
| may (might) | 1. разрешение 2. предположение с оттенком сомнения, допускаемая возможность | Не may (might) be here. He may come yet. She may have left. They may still be working. | maybe perhaps | возможно может быть | might может выражать упрек: You might have helped her! | |
Must
1. долженствование
2. предположение (почти уверенность)
He must be at home.
You must know him.
They must have forgotten it.
evidently, probably, in all probability
I think, I am sure, etc.
должно быть, очевидно, вероятно, наверно
1. во 2-м значении не употребляется в отрицательной форме
2. не может относиться к действию в будущем:
The thing is likely to turn up.
He is unlikely to come.
Probably he will not come.
Во 2-м значении употребляется только в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях.
Инфинитив после модального глагола ought (синонима гл. should употребляется с частицей to).
You ought to be more careful.
